Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Warm-Mixed Epoxy Asphalt Ultrathin Overlay by Post-Doping Method
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36, Issue 6
Abstract
Post-doping construction technology overcomes the difficulties of demanding construction requirements of warm-mix epoxy asphalt mixture (EAM) that limit its application, and it provides a new idea for the scaled application of EAM. To provide reliable support for the application of an epoxy asphalt ultrathin overlay (EAUTO), warm-mix EAM was prepared by simulating the post-doping method in the lab, and the Marshall molding method with reduced specimen thickness was considered. EAUTO moisture susceptibility, raveling resistance, and cracking resistance were evaluated to verify the feasibility of EAUTO molding. Furthermore, EAUTO long-term skid resistance and stripping resistance were analyzed in detail. The results showed that thin-layer molding solves the problem of the inappropriateness of conventional Marshall stability equipment for EAM and has cost-saving and efficiency advantages. The recommended molding parameters for the warm-mix EAUTO were and a thickness of . Despite the reduction in specimen thickness, moisture damage resistance and raveling resistance of the thin-layer EAM specimens were slightly attenuated compared with the original specimens but were acceptable, and the mechanical properties were still better than those of SBS-modified asphalt. Regarding cracking resistance, the evaluation results for the thin-layer specimens demonstrate consistency with those of the original specimens. Additionally, the cracking resistance of gap-graded mixes was better than that of dense-graded ones. The EAUTO showed excellent long-term stripping resistance and skid resistance durability compared with asphalt modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS). However, it is worth noting that the traditional texture depth was not suitable as a separate indicator for evaluating long-term skid resistance.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the Transportation Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province [Grant No. YJKJB(2020)113] and the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (No. SJCX23_0085).
References
Abduljabbar, N., S. Al-Busaltan, A. Dulaimi, R. Al-Yasari, M. Sadique, and H. A. Nageim. 2022. “The effect of waste low-density polyethylene on the mechanical properties of thin asphalt overlay.” Constr. Build. Mater. 315 (Jan): 125722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125722.
Alfalah, A., D. Offenbacker, A. Ali, Y. Mehta, M. Elshaer, and C. Decarlo. 2021. “Evaluating the impact of fiber type and dosage rate on laboratory performance of fiber-reinforced asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 310 (Dec): 125217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125217.
Al-Hosainat, A., M. D. Nazzal, A. Obaid, S. S. Kim, and A. Abbas. 2023. “Evaluation of the factors affecting the performance of fiber-reinforced asphalt mixtures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 35 (2): 04022435. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004610.
ASTM. 2014. Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics. ASTM D638. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2020. Standard test method for density of liquid coatings, inks, and related products. ASTM D1475. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2021. Test method for viscosity of epoxy resins and related components. ASTM D2393. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Chen, D. H., and T. Scullion. 2015. “Very thin overlays in Texas.” Constr. Build. Mater. 95 (Oct): 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.157.
Chen, D. H., M. Won, X. H. Chen, and W. J. Zhou. 2016. “Design improvements to enhance the performance of thin and ultra-thin concrete overlays in Texas.” Constr. Build. Mater. 116 (Jul): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.093.
Ding, L., X. Wang, K. Zhang, M. Zhang, J. Yang, and Z. Chen. 2021. “Durability evaluation of easy compaction and high-durability ultra-thin overlay.” Constr. Build. Mater. 302 (Oct): 124407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124407.
Feng, Z., D. Guo, L. Zhang, L. Nian, and J. Feng. 2020. “Comparative study of performance of OGFC mixture of epoxy asphalt using post-doping method.” [In Chinese.] J. Mater. Sci. Eng. 38 (4): 633–637.
Gu, F., D. Watson, J. Moore, and N. Tran. 2018. “Evaluation of the benefits of open-graded friction course: Case study.” Constr. Build. Mater. 189 (Nov): 131–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.185.
Hajj, R., A. Filonzi, A. Smit, and A. Bhasin. 2019. “Design and performance of mixes for use as ultrathin overlay.” J. Transp. Eng. Part B Pavements 145 (3): 04019026. https://doi.org/10.1061/JPEODX.0000130.
Huang, W. 2016. “Integrated design procedure for epoxy asphalt concrete–based wearing surface on long-span orthotropic steel deck bridges.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (5): 04015189. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001470.
Huang, W., W. Guo, and Y. Wei. 2020. “Prediction of paving performance for epoxy asphalt mixture by its time- and temperature-dependent properties.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (3): 04020017. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003060.
Im, S., and F. Zhou. 2017. “New and simpler cracking test method for asphalt mix designs.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2631 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3141/2631-01.
Jiang, W., D. D. Yuan, J. H. Shan, W. L. Ye, H. H. Lu, and A. M. Sha. 2022. “Experimental study of the performance of porous ultra-thin asphalt overlay.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 23 (6): 2049–2061. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2020.1837826.
Li, J., D. Zhang, and W. Tan. 2016. “A novel method for evaluating skid-resistance and wear-resistance performance of aggregates.” [In Chinese.] J. Highway Transp. Res. Dev. 33 (12): 76–82.
Li, X., L. Yang, S. Luo, X. Song, L. Fan, J. Chen, A. Diab, J. Ye, and Z. Ning. 2022. “Aging characteristics of a colored ultrathin overlay.” J. Transp. Eng. Part B Pavements 148 (2): 04022009. https://doi.org/10.1061/JPEODX.0000343.
Liu, K., D. Yang, Z. Zhang, J. Wu, X. Yang, and F. Zhang. 2022a. “Target air voids and compaction characteristics of thin layer asphalt overlay on rigid pavement.” [In Chinese.] J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. 46 (6): 1111–1115.
Liu, Y., Z. Qian, Y. Yang, Q. Huang, and X. Zhang. 2022b. “Effect of curing reaction behaviors of warm mix epoxy asphalt concrete on its field compaction characteristics using discrete-element method.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 34 (6): 04022092. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004196.
Lou, K., P. Xiao, B. Wu, A. Kang, X. Wu, and Q. Shen. 2021a. “Effects of fiber length and content on the performance of ultra-thin wearing course modified by basalt fibers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 313 (Dec): 125439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125439.
Lou, K. K., X. Wu, P. Xiao, A. H. Kang, Z. G. Wu, and Y. Xia. 2021b. “Comprehensive study about effect of basalt fiber, gradation, nominal maximum aggregate size and asphalt on the anti-cracking ability of asphalt mixtures.” Appl. Sci. 11 (5): 2289. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11052289.
Ma, Y., W. Sun, Y. Zhao, and W. Liu. 2021. “Orthogonal test and performance research of epoxy asphalt mixtures by post mixing method.” [In Chinese.] Technol. Highway Transp. 37 (5): 17–23.
Maggenti, R., and S. Shatnawi. 2017. “Initial and replacement riding surface for the orthotropic San Mateo/Hayward bridge.” Bridge Struct. 13 (2–3): 81–92. https://doi.org/10.3233/BRS-170116.
Picado-Santos, L. G., S. D. Capitão, and J. M. C. Neves. 2020. “Crumb rubber asphalt mixtures: A literature review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 247 (June): 118577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118577.
RIOH (Highway Research Institute), Ministry of Transport. 2011. Standard test methods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engineering. JTG E20-2011. Beijing: RIOH, Ministry of Transport.
RIOH (Highway Research Institute), Ministry of Transport. 2017. Specifications for design of highway asphalt pavement. JTG E50-2017. Beijing: RIOH, Ministry of Transport.
RIOH (Highway Research Institute), Ministry of Transport. 2019. Specifications for design and construction of pavement on highway steel deck bridge. JTG/T3364-02-2019. Beijing: RIOH, Ministry of Transport.
RIOH (Highway Research Institute), Ministry of Transport. 2020. Fiber for asphalt pavements. JT/T 533-2020. Beijing: RIOH, Ministry of Transport.
Saha Chowdhury, P., S. L. A. Noojilla, and M. A. Reddy. 2022. “Evaluation of fatigue characteristics of asphalt mixtures using cracking tolerance index ().” Constr. Build. Mater. 342 (Aug): 128030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128030.
Tian, J., S. Luo, Z. Liu, X. Yang, and Q. Lu. 2020. “Determination of construction parameters of porous ultra-thin overlays based on laboratory compaction studies.” Materials 13 (20): 4496. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204496.
Wang, J., Z. Zhang, and Z. Li. 2020. “Performance evaluation of desulfurized rubber asphalt based on rheological and environmental effects.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (1): 04019330. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002971.
Wang, Q. C., Z. H. Min, M. Y. Li, and W. Huang. 2022. “Mechanical behavior and thermal oxidative aging of anhydride-cured epoxy asphalt with different asphalt contents.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 34 (10): 04022245. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004408.
Wu, X. R., N. X. Zheng, and J. N. Lei. 2021. “Influencing factors and mechanism for the attenuation of the skid resistance for bauxite clinker-asphalt mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 283 (May): 122670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122670.
Xie, H., C. Li, and Q. Wang. 2022. “A critical review on performance and phase separation of thermosetting epoxy asphalt binders and bond coats.” Constr. Build. Mater. 326 (Apr): 126792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126792.
Xue, X., X. Zheng, B. Guan, J. Liu, D. Ding, R. Xiong, H. Zhao, and F. Wei. 2022. “Long-term skid resistance of high-friction surface treatment of pavement using high-alumina refractory waste.” Constr. Build. Mater. 351 (Oct): 128961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128961.
Yang, F., L. Cong, J. Shi, L. Tan, G. Guo, and M. Ren. 2021. “Laboratory evaluation on pavement performance of polyurethane mixture for thin overlay.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 33 (8): 04021212. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003927.
Yin, Y., S. Han, H. Kong, X. Han, and H. Guo. 2022. “Optimization and performance evaluation of waterborne epoxy resin modified emulsified asphalt micro-surfacing based on tunnel driving environment.” Constr. Build. Mater. 315 (Jan): 125604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125604.
Yu, H., G. Deng, Z. Zhang, M. Zhu, M. Gong, and M. Oeser. 2021. “Workability of rubberized asphalt from a perspective of particle effect.” Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 91 (Feb): 102712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102712.
Yu, H., Z. Leng, Z. Zhou, K. Shih, F. Xiao, and Z. Gao. 2017. “Optimization of preparation procedure of liquid warm mix additive modified asphalt rubber.” J. Cleaner Prod. 141 (Jan): 336–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.043.
Zhang, J., W. Huang, Y. Zhang, Q. Cai, C. Yan, and Q. Lv. 2021. “Investigation on the durability of OGFC-5 ultra-thin friction course with different mixes.” Constr. Build. Mater. 288 (June): 123049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123049.
Zhou, F. J., S. Im, L. J. Sun, and T. Scullion. 2017. “Development of an IDEAL cracking test for asphalt mix design and QC/QA.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 18 (Oct): 405–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1389082.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36 • Issue 6 • June 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 28, 2023
Accepted: Jun 29, 2023
Published online: Mar 27, 2024
Published in print: Jun 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Aug 27, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.