Pullout Performance of Timber Joints with Glued-In Steel Rods at an Angle to the Grain
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36, Issue 2
Abstract
Glued-in rods in timber joints are efficient to transfer axial forces, and their pullout performances are not only related to the anchorage length, rod diameter, and glue-line thickness, but also to the angle of the rod to the grain—or the rod-to-grain angle. The limited available results on the effect of the rod-to-grain angle from literature are mostly based on the pullout tests with short anchorage lengths under the pull-compression loading, which do not correspond with the practical applications of glued-in rods. This paper explored the pullout performances of the glued-in rods with an anchorage length 10 times the rod diameter at 0° (parallel) to the grain under pull-pull loading pattern, and at 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° (perpendicular) to the grain under pull-beam loading patterns, which are closer to practice than pull-compression loading pattern. The pullout capacity and slip modulus of timber joints with the glued-in rods parallel to the grain were greater than those at an angle to the grain. The empirical formulas were derived from the experimental results to predict the pullout capacities and slip moduli of the glued-in rods at an angle to the grain using the pullout capacity and slip modulus of the glued-in rods parallel to the grain.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, with the listed items such as densities and pullout performances.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. DUT19LK48).
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© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 31, 2023
Accepted: Aug 7, 2023
Published online: Nov 28, 2023
Published in print: Feb 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Apr 28, 2024
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