Sectioned Compaction Self-Assembly of a Geopolymer Mortar
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36, Issue 2
Abstract
Geopolymer is a promising candidate for green cement. However, the supply of Class-F fly ash is declining rapidly. This research developed the sectioned compaction self-assembly (S-CSA) technique to produce strong brick-sized geopolymer samples. The fly ash content is only , nearly half the level of conventional geopolymer mortars. The compressive and flexural strengths are comparable to those of typical steel-reinforced concrete. The key S-CSA step is compaction of the premixed materials. The sectioned operation helps to minimize the required force. The material properties are quite uniform and repeatable. These findings are important not only for minimizing the fly ash consumption, but also for reducing the use of alkali activators.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by ARPA-E under Grant No. DE-AR0001144. The materials characterization was performed in part at the San Diego Nanotechnology Infrastructure (SDNI) of the University of California San Diego, a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. ECCS-1542148).
References
Bansal, N. P., and A. R. Boccaccini. 2012. Ceramics and composites processing methods. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Bartlett, F. M., and J. G. MacGregor. 1996. “Statistical analysis of the compressive strength of concrete in structures.” Mater. J. 93 (2): 158–168. https://doi.org/10.14359/1353.
Bauer, W., and D. Nötzel. 2014. “Rheological properties and stability of NMP based cathode slurries for lithium ion batteries.” Ceram. Int. 40 (3): 4591–4598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.08.137.
Baunach, M., S. Jaiser, S. Schmelzle, H. Nirschl, P. Scharfer, and W. Schabel. 2016. “Delamination behavior of lithium-ion battery anodes: Influence of drying temperature during electrode processing.” Drying Technol. 34 (4): 462–473. https://doi.org/10.1080/07373937.2015.1060497.
Chen, T., B. J. Chow, M. Wang, Y. Shi, C. Zhao, and Y. Qiao. 2016. “Inorganic–organic hybrid of lunar soil simulant and polyethylene.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (4): 6015013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001450.
Chen, T., B. J. Chow, M. Wang, Y. Zhong, and Y. Qiao. 2017. “High-pressure densification of composite lunar cement.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (10): 6017013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002047.
Chen, T., B. J. Chow, Y. Zhong, M. Wang, R. Kou, and Y. Qiao. 2018. “Formation of polymer micro-agglomerations in ultralow-binder-content composite based on lunar soil simulant.” Adv. Space Res. 61 (3): 830–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2017.10.050.
Figovsky, O., and D. Beilin. 2013. Advanced polymer concretes and compounds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Gutowski, T. G. 1997. Advanced composites manufacturing. New York: Wiley.
Le, A. V., M. Wang, D. J. Noelle, Y. Shi, H. Yoon, M. Zhang, Y. S. Meng, and Y. Qiao. 2017. “Effects of macromolecular configuration of thermally sensitive binder in lithium-ion battery.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 134 (31): 45078. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.45078.
Liu, T., C. Tiu, L. Chen, and D. Liu. 2018. “The influence of slurry rheology on lithium-ion electrode processing.” In Printed batteries: Materials, technologies and applications, edited by S. Lanceros-Mendez and C. M. Costa, 63–79. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
McCormac, J. C., and R. H. Brown. 2015. Design of reinforced concrete. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Oh, K., T. Chen, A. Gasser, R. Kou, and Y. Qiao. 2019. “Compaction self-assembly of ultralow-binder-content particulate composites.” Composites, Part B 175 (Oct): 107144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107144.
Oh, K., T. Chen, R. Kou, H. Yi, and Y. Qiao. 2020a. “Ultralow-binder-content thermoplastic composites based on lunar soil simulant.” Adv. Space Res. 66 (9): 2245–2250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.07.041.
Oh, K., H. Yi, R. Kou, and Y. Qiao. 2020b. “Compaction self-assembly of a low-binder-content geopolymer material.” J. Mater. Sci. 55 (32): 15397–15404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05069-5.
Oh, K., H. Yi, R. Kou, and Y. Qiao. 2021. “Sectioned processing of compaction self-assembly of an ultralow-binder-content particulate composite.” Compos. Commun. 23 (Feb): 100588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2020.100588.
Rambabu, D., S. K. Sharma, and M. A. Akbar. 2023. “Properties exhibited by nanomaterial based geopolymers: A review.” J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 33 (5): 1081–1118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02601-3.
Rashad, A. M. 2015. “A brief on high-volume Class F fly ash as cement replacement—A guide for civil engineer.” Int. J. Sustainable Built Environ. 4 (2): 278–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2015.10.002.
Salas, D. A., A. D. Ramirez, N. Ulloa, H. Baykara, and A. J. Boero. 2018. “Life cycle assessment of geopolymer concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 190 (Nov): 170–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.123.
Shilar, F. A., S. V. Ganachari, and V. B. Patil. 2022a. “Advancement of nano-based construction materials-A review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 359 (Dec): 129535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129535.
Shilar, F. A., S. V. Ganachari, V. B. Patil, S. Javed, T. M. Y. Khan, and R. U. Baig. 2022b. “Assessment of destructive and nondestructive analysis for GGBS based geopolymer concrete and its statistical analysis.” Polymers 14 (15): 3132. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14153132.
Shilar, F. A., S. V. Ganachari, V. B. Patil, I. N. Reddy, and J. Shim. 2023. “Preparation and validation of sustainable metakaolin based geopolymer concrete for structural application.” Constr. Build. Mater. 371 (Mar): 130688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130688.
Su, H., Y. Hong, T. Chen, R. Kou, M. Wang, Y. Zhong, and Y. Qiao. 2019. “Fatigue behavior of inorganic-organic hybrid ‘lunar cement’.” Sci. Rep. 9 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38799-x.
Tatara, R. A., S. Suraparaju, and K. A. Rosentrater. 2007. “Compression molding of phenolic resin and corn-based DDGS blends.” J. Polym. Environ. 15 (2): 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-007-0052-9.
Wang, M., A. V. Le, D. J. Noelle, Y. Shi, Y. S. Meng, and Y. Qiao. 2017a. “Internal-short-mitigating current collector for lithium-ion battery.” J. Power Sources 349 (May): 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.03.004.
Wang, M., A. V. Le, Y. Shi, D. J. Noelle, and Y. Qiao. 2017b. “Heterogeneous current collector in lithium-ion battery for thermal-runaway mitigation.” Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 (8): 083902. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4975799.
Wang, M., A. V. Le, Y. Shi, D. J. Noelle, H. Yoon, M. Zhang, Y. S. Meng, and Y. Qiao. 2016. “Effects of angular fillers on thermal runaway of lithium-ion battery.” J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 32 (11): 1117–1121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2016.10.001.
Yi, H., K. Oh, R. Kou, and Y. Qiao. 2020. “Sand-filler structural material with a low content of polyethylene binder.” Sustainable Mater. Technol. 25 (Sep): e00194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2020.e00194.
Yi, H., K. Oh, R. Kou, and Y. Qiao. 2023. “Algae-based artificial timber with an ultralow binder content.” J. Mater. Sci. 58 (29): 11937–11943. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-08750-7.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 19, 2023
Accepted: Aug 4, 2023
Published online: Nov 27, 2023
Published in print: Feb 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Apr 27, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.