Strongly Coupled 2D and 3D Shallow Water Models: Theory and Verification
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 151, Issue 1
Abstract
We introduce a monolithic/strong, interfacial coupling formulation between two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) shallow water (SW) and transport models. This coupling becomes necessary in regions such as estuaries leading into inundation areas or wetlands where wetting and drying has an effect on baroclinic regions. We present the formulation and verification of a novel method for monolithically coupling 2D and 3D SW and transport equations in an implicit-in-time, streamline upwind Petrov Galerkin (SUPG)-stabilized continuous Galerkin finite-element method (CG-FEM) setting, with a key requirement of mass and momentum conservation across the 2D–3D interface. Solutions of the method are verified against full-2D and full-3D/3D-only models. It is concluded that the formulation is conservative, stable, accurate, convergent, computationally cheaper than full-3D models when noncritical 3D regions are replaced with 2D subdomains, and capable of simulating physics that solely 2D or 3D production models are generally incapable of.
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Data Availability Statement
The following items supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request: AdH input files for all the models in the presented test cases, and subject to obtaining legal permissions or licensing, the compiled AdH executable that can run 2D-3D coupling simulations.
Acknowledgments
This material is based upon work supported by, or in part by, the Department of Defense (DOD) High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) under User Productivity Enhancement, Technology Transfer, and Training (PETTT) Contract No. GS04T09DBC0017. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOD HPCMP.
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Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 151 • Issue 1 • January 2025
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This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Received: Jan 17, 2023
Accepted: Jan 5, 2024
Published online: Sep 20, 2024
Published in print: Jan 1, 2025
Discussion open until: Feb 20, 2025
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