Development of a Multiphase Numerical Modeling Approach for Hydromechanical Behavior of Clay Embankments Subject to Weather-Driven Deterioration
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 8
Abstract
Clay embankments used for road, rail, and flood defense infrastructure experience a suite of weather-driven deterioration processes that lead to a progressive loss of hydromechanical performance: micro-scale deformation (e.g., aggregation and desiccation), changes in soil-water retention, loss of strength, and macro-scale deformation. The objective of this study was to develop a numerical modeling approach to simulate the construction and long-term, weather-driven hydromechanical behavior of clay embankments. Subroutines within a numerical modeling package were developed to capture deterioration processes: (1) strength reduction due to wet-dry cycles; (2) bimodality of the near-surface hydraulic behavior; (3) soil-water and soil-gas retentivity functions considering void ratio dependency; and (4) hydraulic and gas conductivity functions considering void ratio dependency. Uniquely, the modeling approach was comprehensively validated using laboratory tests and nine years of field measurements from a full-scale embankment. The modeling approach captured the variation of near-surface soil moisture and matric suction over the monitored period in response to weather cycles. Further, the developed model approach could successfully simulate weather-driven deterioration processes in clay embankments. The model predictions manifested the ability of the modeling approach in capturing deterioration features such as irrecoverable increases in void ratio and hydraulic permeability near surface. The developed and validated numerical modeling approach enables forecasting the long-term performance of clay embankments under a range of projected climate conditions.
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Data Availability Statement
Numerical predictions, laboratory data, and field data presented in this paper are accessible through the data set Morsy et al. (2023). Hydrological field data and weather data presented in this paper are accessible through the data set Yu et al. (2021b). Some or all models or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The work presented in this paper was conducted as part of the Assessment, Costing and Enhancement of Long-Life, Long-Linear Assets (ACHILLES) program Grant (EP/R034575/1) funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the United Kingdom Research and Innovation (UKRI). Some of the field and laboratory data used in this study were obtained as part of the UK Biological and Engineering Impacts of Climate Change on Slopes (BIONICS) Project (GR/S87430/01) and the UK Infrastructure Slopes: Sustainable Management and Resilience Assessment (iSMART) Project (EP/K027050/1), both funded by the EPSRC of the UKRI. Alister Smith also acknowledges the support of a Philip Leverhulme Prize in Engineering (PLP-2019-017). The opinions presented in this paper are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the EPSRC.
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Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 8 • August 2023
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© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 25, 2022
Accepted: Feb 15, 2023
Published online: Jun 7, 2023
Published in print: Aug 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Nov 7, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Clays
- Climates
- Continuum mechanics
- Deformation (mechanics)
- Deterioration
- Embankment (transportation)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Environmental engineering
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Highway and road management
- Highway and road structures
- Highway transportation
- Hydraulic models
- Infrastructure
- Materials characterization
- Materials engineering
- Meteorology
- Models (by type)
- Numerical models
- Soil deformation
- Soil mechanics
- Soil properties
- Soils (by type)
- Solid mechanics
- Structural mechanics
- Transportation engineering
- Weather conditions
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- Amr M. Morsy, Peter R. Helm, Ashraf El-Hamalawi, Alister Smith, Ross A. Stirling, Simulation of Weather-Driven Deterioration of Clay Embankments, Geo-Congress 2024, 10.1061/9780784485354.009, (85-94), (2024).