Shear Behavior of Seawater–Sea Sand Concrete Beams Reinforced with BFRP Bars and Stirrups

Data Availability Statement

Acknowledgments

Notation

A_f

amount of FRP longitudinal reinforcement;

A_fv

amount of FRP shear reinforcement within spacing;

A_fv1

cross-sectional area of single-limb stirrup within spacing;

A_frpv

area of shear reinforcement perpendicular to the axis of a member within spacing;

a

shear span;

b_w

width of the beam;

d

distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement;

d_b

diameter of BFRP stirrups used in the test;

d_e

effective diameter;

d_v

effective shear depth, taken as the greater of 0.9d or 0.72h;

E_f

elasticity modulus of longitudinal BFRP bar;

E_fv

elasticity modulus of the BFRP stirrup;

E_fprv

elasticity modulus of the BFRP stirrup;

E_s

elastic modulus for steel taken as 200 GPa;

$f_c^{\mathrm{\prime }}$

compressive strength of concrete;

f_cu

standard cube compressive strength of concrete;

f_fb

strength of the bent portion of the FRP bar;

f_fd

ultimate tensile strength of BFRP;

f_ft

design tensile strength of shear reinforcement;

f_fv

tensile strength of the BFRP stirrup for shear design;

f_fu

ultimate tensile strength of BFRP;

f_frpu

ultimate tensile strength of BFRP;

f_frpv

tensile strength of the BFRP stirrup for shear design;

f_t

tensile strength of concrete for design;

h

overall thickness or height of a member;

h_of

distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement;

k

ratio of depth of neutral axis to reinforcement depth;

k_a

coefficient taking into account the effect of arch action on member shear strength;

k_cr

ratio of the depth of the elastic cracked section neutral axis to the effective depth;

k_m

coefficient taking into account the effect of moment at the section on shear strength;

k_r

coefficient taking into account the effect of reinforcement rigidity on its shear strength;

k_s

coefficient taking into account the effect of member size on its shear strength;

l

calculated span of the beam;

l_frpd

development length;

M_f

factored moment;

n_f

ratio of the elasticity modulus of FRP bars to the modulus of elasticity of concrete;

p

safety index;

R_j

extreme difference values, key index in extreme difference analysis;

r_b

internal radius of bend in the BFRP stirrup;

s

spacing of BFRP stirrups in beams;

V_c

theoretical shear contribution of concrete without taking the impact of the shear span-to-depth ratio into account;

V_cm

theoretical shear contribution of the concrete considering the shear span-to-depth ratio effect;

V_exp

actual shear capacity of beams;

V_exp,f

actual shear contribution of stirrups;

V_f

theoretical shear contribution of stirrups;

V_fm

theoretical shear contribution of stirrups considering stirrup spacing and stirrup strain corrections;

V_frp

theoretical shear contribution of stirrups;

V_p

theoretical shear capacity of beams;

V_pm

modified theoretical shear capacity of beams;

α

correction coefficient of shear span-to-depth ratio;

α_f

ratio of the elasticity modulus of FRP bars to the modulus of elasticity of concrete;

ɛ_l

longitudinal strain at mid-depth of the section;

ɛ_fv

BFRP stirrup strain for shear design;

ɛ_v

BFRP stirrup strain for shear design;

θ

angle of inclination of the shear plane;

ρ_f

longitudinal reinforcement ratio;

ρ_fv

BFRP stirrup ratio;

ρ_frp

longitudinal reinforcement ratio;

ρ_frpv

BFRP stirrup ratio;

φ_bend

strength reduction factor of the bent portion of the BFRP bar;

φ_c

material resistance for concrete;

φ_fv

shear contribution coefficient of the stirrup;

λ

ratio between the shear span of a beam and the effective height of the beam; factor to account for concrete density used in CSA S806-2012;

λ_s

factor used to modify shear strength based on the effects of member depth, commonly referred to as the size effect factor;

σ_v

theoretical stirrup stress for design;

φ_f

resistance factor for FRP reinforcement; and

φ_frp

resistance factor for FRP reinforcement.

References