Effect of Pipe Size and Location on Water-Main Head Loss in Water Distribution Systems
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VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 146, Issue 6
Abstract
This study discusses practical implications of considering unit head loss in different pipe sizes and in different locations of water distribution systems (WDSs) with regard to operation and maintenance. By visualizing unit head loss (using the Hazen-Williams relationship) in pipes obtained from 18 WDSs in North America, changes in unit head loss are put into perspective in different pipe sizes and different WDS locations. The results suggest that the importance of diameter is greater than that of the Hazen-Williams roughness factor, that flow rate plays a more important role than diameter in determination of head loss in pipes closer to water sources, and that diameter seems to be more important than flow rate in pipes at the periphery. Moreover, aging, tuberculation, and subsequently reduction in effective diameter can have a more critical effect on head loss in smaller pipes at the periphery of a system. Finally, effects of water conservation and pump scheduling in different locations of the network, as far as head loss is concerned, can potentially be more evident on larger pipes closer to the water source and in some cases on smaller pipes at the periphery. Therefore, it is suggested that network-level energy management decisions can have different effects on different pipe sizes in different locations.
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Data Availability Statement
All data and models used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
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Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 146 • Issue 6 • June 2020
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 14, 2019
Accepted: Jan 2, 2020
Published online: Mar 19, 2020
Published in print: Jun 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Aug 19, 2020
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