Economic Analysis of Leakage in the Bangkok Water Distribution System
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 139, Issue 2
Abstract
Loss of water caused by leakage is a common phenomenon observed in all water distribution systems (WDSs). The volume of leakage around the world is considerably high, and its control is crucial to meet the increasing water demand caused by rapid population growth and urbanization. The most important component of a leakage-control strategy is target setting in terms of economic level of leakage (ELL). The ELL is an economic indication depending on individual network conditions, operating system pressures, demands and their patterns, marginal cost of water, and operating practices. This paper discusses the economic aspects of leakage for a pilot district metered area (DMA) of the WDS of the Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) in Bangkok, Thailand. The study developed two nomographs for the quick estimation of ELL and active leakage-control cost (ALC) with minimal data analysis. The first nomograph shows the relationship between cost of leakage control, average operating pressure, and level of leakage in the WDS. The second nomograph shows the relationship between ELL, operating-system pressure, and marginal cost of water. The nomographs have been developed based on leakage volume, cost of water, and hydraulic and operational conditions of the WDS. To model different hydraulic and leakage scenarios, the U.S. EPA’s EPANET simulation engine has been used. The research will help utility managers understand different aspects of leakage economics and will lead to better management of their WDSs.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the government of the Netherlands for financing the study as a part of M. Islam’s Master of Engineering degree. The authors would like to express sincere gratitude to Dr. Thatchai Chuenchom, Managing Director of Technology Services and Consulting, 1656 Company Limited, for his assistance during the data collection and analysis. The authors would also like to express sincere gratitude to the anonymous reviewers for their critical reviews, which have improved the quality of the paper significantly.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 139 • Issue 2 • March 2013
Pages: 209 - 216
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 20, 2011
Accepted: Jan 30, 2012
Published online: Feb 1, 2012
Published in print: Mar 1, 2013
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