Design-Variable Optimization of Hydropower Tunnels and Surge Tanks Using a Genetic Algorithm
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 139, Issue 2
Abstract
Optimal design of tunnels and surge tanks is a major concern in the implementation and operation of large hydropower plants, particularly those in which tunnels are long and water hammer is likely. In this paper, flow simulation and an optimization process have been linked in an iterative manner to develop a general model for the optimal design of hydropower tunnels and surge tanks for the emergency condition of operation (maximum surge pressure). The governing equations for the analysis of transient flow in conduits are solved using a finite difference scheme. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique is utilized to select the optimal diameter for the headrace tunnel, penstocks, and surge tanks. The benefit-cost ratio is considered as the objective function in the optimization analysis. The proposed method was used to design diameters for Marun hydropower tunnels (an in-operation large hydropower dam located in southwest Iran). The results were compared with results from a nonlinear optimization technique. They revealed considerable savings in construction cost, attributable to the application of GA. The calculated pressures across the tunnels with and without surge tank agree with valve closure theory and previous studies. The model is able to optimize diameters for a branching system of tunnels and penstocks with surge tanks.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers acknowledge the journal editors and the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions on this paper. They also acknowledge the Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz and the Centre of Excellence on Operation Management of Irrigation and Drainage Networks for financial support and facilitation of the experiments.
References
Abbott, M. B., and Basco, D. E. R. (1989). Computational fluid dynamics, Longman, Essex, UK.
Aditya, S. K. (2003). “Design of load frequency controllers using genetic algorithm for two area interconnected hydropower system.” Elec. Power Compon. Syst., 31(1), 81–94.
Babayan, A. V., Savic, D. A., Walters, G. A., and Kapelan, Z. S. (2007). “Robust least-cost design of water distribution networks using redundancy and integration-based methodologies.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 133(1), 67–77.
Bakhtyar, R., and Barry, D. A. (2009). “Optimization of cascade stilling basins using GA and PSO approaches.” J. Hydroinform., 11(2), 119–132.
Bergant, A., Simpson, A. R., and Vitkovosky, J. P. (2001). “Developments in unsteady pipe flow friction modeling.” J. Hydraul. Res., 39(3), 249–257.
Bergant, A., Tinseling, A. S., Vitkovsky, J. P., Covas, D. I. C., Simpson, A. R., and Lambert, M. F. (2008). “Parameters affecting water-hammer attenuation, shape and timing—Part 2: Case studies.” J. Hydraul. Res., 46(3), 382–391.
Bhave, P., and Sonak, V. (1992). “A critical study of the linear programming gradient method for optimal design of water supply networks.” Water Resour. Res., 28(6), 1577–1584.
Boulos, P. F., Wu, Z. Y., Orr, C. H., and Ro, J. J. (2000). “Least-cost design and rehabilitation of water distribution systems using genetic algorithms.” Proc., AWWA IMTech Conf., American Water Works Association (AWWA), Denver.
Brunone, B., Karney, B. W., Mecarelli, M., and Ferrante, M. (2000). “Velocity profiles and unsteady pipe friction in transient flow.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 126(4), 236–244.
Chaudhry, M. H. (1987). Applied hydraulic transients, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Cheng, C. T., Wang, W. C., Xu, D. M., and Chau, K. W. (2008). “Optimizing hydropower reservoir operation using hybrid genetic algorithm and chaos.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 22(7), 895–909.
Daugherty, R. L., and Franzini, J. B. (1977). Fluid mechanics with engineering application, 7th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
Davidson, J. W., Savic, D. A., and Walters, G. A. (1999). “Method for the identification of explicit polynomial formulae for the friction in turbulent pipe flow.” J. Hydroinform., 1(2), 115–126.
Davis, C. V., and Sorensen, K. E. (1969). Handbook of applied hydraulics, 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
di Pierro, F., Khu, S. T., and Savic, D. A. (2006). “From single-objective to multiple-objective multiple-rainfall events automatic calibration of urban storm water runoff models using genetic algorithms.” Water Sci. Technol., 54(6–7), 57–64.
Duan, H. F., Ghidaoui, M. S., Lee, P. J., and Tung, Y. K. (2012). “Relevance of unsteady friction with pipe size and length in pipe fluid transients.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 138(2), 154–166.
Duan, H. F., Tung, Y. K., and Ghidaoui, M. S. (2010). “Probabilistic analysis of transient design for water supply systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 136(6), 678–687.
Eliasson, J., Jensson, P., and Ludvivigsson, G. (1997). “Optimal design of hydropower plants.” Hydropower ‘97, E. Broch, ed., Taylor & Francis, London, 611–618.
Fernando, A. K., and Jayawardena, A. W. (2007) “Use of a supercomputer to advance parameter optimisation using genetic algorithms.” J. Hydroinform., 9(4), 319–329.
Goldberg, D. E., and Kuo, C. H. (1987) “Genetic algorithms in pipeline optimization.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng., 1(2), 128–141.
Gosschalk, E. M. (2002). Reservoir engineering: Guidelines for practice, Thomas Telford, London.
Jaeger, C. (1995). “Surge tank stability.” Water Power, 4(9), 334–337.
Olsson, R. J., Kapelan, Z., and Savic, D. A. (2009). “Probabilistic building block identification for the optimal design and rehabilitation of water distribution systems.” J. Hydroinform., 11(2), 89–105.
Ormsbee, L. E. (1989). “Implicit network calibration.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 115(2), 243–257.
Ramos, H., Covas, D., and Borga, A. (2004). “Surge damping analysis in pipe systems: Modelling and experiments.” J. Hydraul. Res., 42(4), 413–425.
Samani, H. M. V., and Naeeni, S. T. (1996). “Optimization of water distribution networks.” J. Hydraul. Res., 34(5), 623–632.
Singiresu, S. (1996). Engineering optimization: Theory and practice, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York.
Tabesh, M., Soltani, J., Farmani, R., and Savic, D. A. (2009). “Assessing pipe failure rate and mechanical reliability of water distribution networks using data-driven modeling.” J. Hydroinform., 11(1), 1–17.
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). (1986). “A water resources technical publication.” Engineering Monograph No. 3, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
Verwey, A., and Yu, J. H. (1993). “A space-compact high-order scheme for water hammer simulation.” Proc., 25th IAHR Conf., Hydroinform Ltd., Prague.
Wu, Z. Y., and Simpson, A. R. (2002). “A self-adaptive boundary search genetic algorithm and its application to water distribution systems.” J. Hydraul. Res., 40(2), 191–203.
Wylie, E. B., and Streeter, V. L. (1990). Fluid transients, FEB Press, Ann Arbor, MI.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 5, 2011
Accepted: Mar 7, 2012
Published online: Feb 15, 2013
Published in print: Mar 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.