Relationship between Blue Economy, Cruise Tourism, and Urban Regeneration: Case Study of Olbia, Sardinia
Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 147, Issue 3
Abstract
In the last two decades the cruise industry has been increasing exponentially. It comprises 1.6% of total tourists in the world. In fact, tourism in the Mediterranean represents 12% of the overall cruise market, in which segment Italy is the top destination. So far, there have been a range of professionals who have discussed costs and benefits in three main areas: economic, environmental, and sociocultural effects. However, there is not much knowledge of the effects on city planning after the arrival of this type of tourism in port cities. Using a case of study in Olbia, a port of call on the island of Sardinia (Italy), this article shows the relation between cruise activity and urban regeneration process. The methodology used was a qualitative and descriptive–quantitative analysis of the cruise tourism transit cities through bibliographic reviews and fieldwork carried out in the Mediterranean destination.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abbate, T., G. Cappello, and A. Recupero. 2011. “Flussi crocieristici: Nuove opportunità per lo sviluppo del territorio.” In Proc., Int. Marketing Trends Conf. Messina, Italy: Universitá degli Studi di Messina. Accessed September 17, 2019. http://archives.marketing-trends-congress.com/2011/Materiali/Paper/Tourism/Abbate_Cappello_Recupero.pdf.
Acerenza, M. 2013. Gestión Pública del turismo I. Turismo y Administración pública. México: Portal digital de de América.
AIVP (Association International Villes and Ports). 2016. “La evolución de las relaciones entre ciudades y puertos y su traducción en términos de desarrollo económico y urbano.” Accessed September 19, 2019. http://www.aivp.org/wp524content/uploads/2018/04/18-036-AIVP-docks-infos-110-ES-web.pdf.
Alberts, P. 1992. “Postcards, travel and ethnicity: A comparative look at Mexico and the Southwestern United States.” In 91st Annual Meeting San Francisco, California. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association. Accessed September 8, 2019. https://www.openanthroresearch.org/doi/pdf/10.1002/oarr.10000278.1.
Andriotis, K., and G. Agiomirgianakis. 2010. “Cruise visitors” experience in a Mediterranean port of call.” Int. J. Tourism Res. 12 (4): 390–404. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.770.
ASSAEROPORTI (Associazione Italiana Gestori Aeroporti). 2018. “Statistiche Dati di Traffico Aeroportuale Italiano -Stadistic Information of Italian Airport.” Accessed October 16, 2019. https://assaeroporti.com/statistiche/.
Autoriá Portuale di Olbia e Golfo Aranci. “Pianificazione e goberno del territorio. Pagina Istituzionale conforme alĺart.51D.Lgs n- 33/2013-Invarianza Finanziaria.” Nuovo Piano Regolatore dei Porti di Olbia e Golfo Aranci. Elaborati Grafici. Accessed September 18, 2019. http://ww2.gazzettaamministrativa.it/opencms/opencms/_gazzetta_amministrativa/amministrazione_trasparente/_sardegna/_autorita___portuale_di_olbia_e_golfo_aranci/190_pia_gov_ter/2014/Documenti_1401791944038/
Braun, M., J. A. Xander, and K. R. White. 2002. “The impact of the cruise industry on a region’s economy: A case study of Port Canaveral, Florida.” Tourism Econ. 8 (3): 281–288. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000002101298124.
Breskovic, J., and R. Novakovic. 2002. “The development of tourist destination affected by cruising tourism.” Nase More J. 49 (1–2): 62–69. Accessed September 14, 2019. https://hrcak.srce.hr/209279.
Brida, J., and S. Zapata. 2009. “The impacts of the cruise industry on tourism destination.” In Sustainable tourism as a factor of local development, edited by V. Castellani, and S. Sala, 7–9. Trento, Italy: Tangram edizioni Stientifiche. Accessed October 17, 2019. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1298403.
Brida, J. G., and S. Zapata. 2010. “Cruise tourism: Economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts.” Int. J. Leisure Tourism Marketing 1 (3): 205–226. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLTM.2010.029585.
Bruttomesso, R. 2001. “Complexity on the urban waterfront.” In Waterfronts in post-industrial cities, edited by R. Marshall, 39–49. London: Spon Press.
Buhalis, D. 2000. “Marketing the competitive destination of the future.” Tourism Manage. 21: 97–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00095-3.
Butler, M. 2008. Turismo de cruceros: Situación actual y tendencias. Madrid: Organización Mundial del Turismo.
Capacci, A. 2000. “El mercado de cruceros mediterráneo.” Papers de Tourisme 27: 7–24.
Capasso, S., A. Buonfanti, A. Casolaro, A. Cozzolino, L. Liccardo, and A. Panaro. 2016. Il Turismo in Sardegna: le opportunitá di crescita del sistema. Come costruire un turismo stabile tutto l’anno. Sardegna: SRM. Accessed September 18, 2019. https://www.sr-m.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Infrastrutture-per-il-turismo.pdf.
Cappai, A. 2012. “Planning for tourism in Costa Esmeralda.” In Proc., 6th Conf. of the Int. Forum on Urbanism. 1–10. Barcelona: IFoU. http://hdl.handle.net/2099/12322.
Chibás, E. 2014. “Bye, Bye, Barcelona.” Youtube. Accessed October 19, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdXcFChRpmI.
CLIA (Cruise Lines International Association). 2013. The cruise industry. Contribution of cruise tourism to the economies of Europe. Bruselas: CLIA.
CLIA (Cruise Lines International Association). 2019. “State of the industry.” Accessed September 16, 2019. https://cruising.org/news-and-research/-/media/CLIA/Research/CLIA%202019%20State%20of%20the%20Industry.pdf.
Cruise Market Watch. 2018. Accessed October 14, 2019. https://cruisemarketwatch.com/market/.
Cruises News. 2018. “Las mejores terminales de crucero del mundo.” CruisesNews. Accessed September 17, 2019. https://www.cruisesnews.es/Portal/2018/01/16/cruceros-y-medioambiente-notable-2/.
Dall’Ara, G. 2002. Le nuove frontiere del marketing applicato al turismo. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Dehoorne, O., N. Petit-Charles, and S. Theng. 2011. “Le tourisme de croisière dans le monde: permanences et recompositions.” Etudes caribéennes [En Ligne]. Accessed October 14, 2019. http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/5629.
Di Cesare, F. 2000. L’evoluzione del turismo di crociera: la situazione italiana nel quadro mondiale (in nono rapporto sul turismo in Italia). Firenze: Mercury s.r.l.
Dingwall, R. 1994. “Antarctica/New Zealand.” In Protecting nature – Regional reviews of protected areas, edited by J. A. McNeely, J. Harrison, and P. R. Dingwall, 233–243. Cambridge: IUCN.
Dwyer, L., and P. Forsyth. 1998. “Economic significance of cruise tourism.” Ann. Tourism Res. 25 (2): 393–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00098-4.
FutureMed. 2016. “Perspectives and recommendations for the competitiveness of Mediterranean ports.” Accessed September 18, 2019. http://www.fundacion.valenciaport.com/Articles/Book-chapters/CATEGORIA-101-1-01-futuremed_digitale.aspx.
Gabe, T. M., C. P. Linch, and J. C. McConnon. 2006. “Likelihood of cruise ship passenger return to a visited port: The case of Bar Harbor, Maine.” J. Travel Res. 44 (3): 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287505279107.
Godfrey, K., and J. Clarke. 2002. Manuale di marketing territorial per il turismo. Edizione italiana (a cura di) Guiotto L. Firenze: Le Monnier.
Gonçalves, M. 2008. A Lisboa dos e nos guias turísticos: Lisboa a compor-se ao espelho. Lisboa: Instituto Universitário de Lisboa.
Goycoolea, R., and A. Amaro. 2015. “Turismo de cuceros y patrimonio. Una relación compleja, bien reflejada en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.” Revista Márgenes, Espacio de Arte y Sociedad 12 (16): 7–26. https://revistas.uv.cl/index.php/margenes/article/view/315.
Grindlay, A. (2008). “Ciudades y puertos.” Revista Ciudades Instituto Universitario de Urbanística. Universidad de Valladolid 50: 53–80. http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/10295
Hall, J. A., and R. Braithwaite. 1990. “Caribbean cruise tourism: A business of transnational partnerships.” Tourism Manage. 11 (4): 339–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(90)90069-L.
ISTAT. 2019. “Demographic statistics.” Accessed October 18, 2019. http://demo.istat.it/pop2019/index.html.
Italian Cruise Watch. 2018. Report. Accessed October 16, 2019. http://www.risposteturismo.it/italian-cruise-watch-2018-e-da-oggi-disponibile-online/.
Johnson, D. 2002. “Environmentally sustainable cruise tourism: A reality check.” Mar. Policy 26 (4): 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(02)00008-8.
Jones, P., D. Hillier, and D. Comfort. 2016. “The environmental, social and economic impacts of cruising and corporate sustainabilty strategies.” Athens J. Tourism 3 (4): 273–285. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajt.3-4-2.
Kotler, P., J. Bowen, and J. Makens. 2007. Marketing del turismo. Milano: McGraw-Hill.
Kotler, P., D. Haider, and I. Rein. 1994. Mercadotecnia de localidades. Cómo atraer inversiones, industrias y turismo a ciudades, regiones, estados y países. México: Diana.
Langdon, D. 2014. “Clásicos de Arquitectura: Terminal Internacional de Pasajeros de Yokohama.” [Imagen]. Blog Plataforma de Arquitectura. Accessed September 15, 2019. https://www.plataformaarquitectura.cl/cl/628249/clasicos-de-arquitectura-terminal-internacional-de-pasajeros-de-yokohama-foreign-office-architects-foa.
Lawton, L. J., and R. W. Butler. 1987. “Cruise ship industry — Patterns in the Caribbean 1880–1986.” Tourism Manage. 8 (4): 329–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(87)90091-4.
Legoupil, T. 2013. “Los conflictos que genera el turismo de cruceros en Barcelona y otros puertos mediterráneos.” Revista Bibliográfica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales XVIII (13): 3–16. http://www.ub.es/geocrit/b3w-1049/b3w1049-13.htm.
López, P. 2011. “Explosión del tráfico de cruceros en el Mediterráneo y su impacto en las ciudades portuarias.” PortPlus 1: 1–10. Accessed September 14, 2019. http://retedigital.com/portus_plus/portus-plus-1- 2011.
Luján, R., and Tonellotto, S. (2013). “Bahía Blanca (Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) como puerto de escala de cruceros turísticos.” TURyDES, 6 (14), 1–18. Accessed October 14, 2019. http://www.eumed.net/rev/turydes/14/bahia-blanca.html.
Markkanen, S., and L. Pieszek. 2012. “Determinants of onboard spending.” In Cruise management, edited by A. Papathanassis, M. H. Breitner, C. Schoen, and N. Guhr, 173–184. Wiesbaden, Germany: Gabler Verlag. Accessed September 14, 2019. file:///C:/Users/Ainhoa/Downloads/6_Marksel_Tominc_Bozicnik.pdf.
Martini, U. 2005. Management dei sistemi territoriali. Gestione e marketing delle destinazioni turistiche. Torino: Giappichelli ed.
Meyer, H. 1999. City and Port, urban planning as a cultural venture in London, Barcelona, New York and Rotterdam: Changing relations between public urban space and large-scale infrastructure. Utrecht: International Books.
Montero, L. 1996. “Estrategias de los puertos base de cruceros en el Mediterráneo.” Boletín de Puertos del Estado 35: 16–20. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/dag.259.
Murias, R. 2002. La industria de cruceros en el siglo XXI, implicación en los puertos españoles y perspectivas de futuro. Barcelona: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria Nàutiques. Accessed October 14, 2019. https://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/6999.
Nonsolocrociere. 2015. “Il porto di Olbia affollato da croceristi: se ne contano fino a 4.000 in un giorno.” Nonsolocrociere. Accessed October 16, 2019. https://www.nonsolocrociere.it/blog/porto-olbia-affollato.html.
OMT (Organización Mundial del Turismo). 2003. La actividad de los cruceros turísticos en el mundo. Madrid: OMT.
OMT (Organización Mundial del Turismo). 2008. Turismo de cruceros: Situación actual y tendencias. Madrid: OMT.
Palafox, A., A. Aguilar, and J. Sderis. 2015. “Cozumel y la transformación de su paisaje por el turismo de cruceros.” Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal. Revista de Ciencias Sociales 149: 103–115. Accessed September 15, 2019. https://revistacienciassociales.ucr.ac.cr/images/revistas/RCS149/07Palafox.pdf.
Pavlić, I. 2013. “Cruise tourism demand forecasting – the case of Dubrovnik.” Tourism Hosp. Manage. 19 (1): 125–142. Accessed October 16, 2019. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2288815. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.19.1.9.
Port System Authority of the Sardinian Sea. 2019. “Terminal and Port Information.” Accessed October 16, 2019. http://www.adspmaredisardegna.it/olbia/.
Risposte Turismo. 2019. “Il traffico crocieristico in Italia nel 2018 e le previsioni per il 2019.” Accessed October 16, 2019. http://www.italiancruiseday.it/Public/RisposteTurismo(2019)_SpecialeCrociere2019.pdf.
Rodrigue, J., and T. Notteboom. 2013. “The geography of cruises: Itineraries, not destinations.” Appl. Geogr. 38: 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.11.011.
Sardegna Geoportale. “Dati Cartografici Regione Autonoma Sardegna.” [Map of Olbia]. Creative Commons CC BY 4.0. Accessed October 14, 2019. http://www.sardegnageoportale.it/webgis2/sardegnafotoaeree/.
Smrkolj, V. 2013. Vpliv kulturnih razlik na vedenje turistov: Analiza Japonskih in Ameriških turistov v Sloveniji. Ljubljana: Akademija MM.
Sorrentino, A., M. Risitano, G. Del Chiappa, and T. Abbate. 2019. “Profiling cruise passengers in a Mediterranean port-of-call.” Anatolia 30: 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2018.1544575.
Torbianelli, V. 2010. “Linking cruise tourism to urban regeneration. The ctur proyect and beyond.” Magazine: The Urban Tribune 11: 48–52. Accessed October 15. https://urbact.eu/sites/default/files/urbact-tribune-vtarticle2010.pdf.
Wie, B. 2005. “A dynamic game model of strategic capacity investment in the cruise line industry.” Tourism Manage. 26 (2): 203–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.09.020.
Wood, R. E. 2000. “Caribbean cruise tourism. Globalization at sea.” Ann. Tourism Res. 27 (2): 345–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00073-0.
Yepes, V., V. Esteban, and J. Serra. 2000. “Tráfico de cruceros en el mercado turístico mediterráneo.” In Vol. 3 of Calidad e innovación en los transportes. Actas del IV Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte, edited by J. V. Colomer and A. García, 1931–1938. Valencia. Accessed October 16, 2019. http://personales.upv.es/vyepesp/YepesEstebanSerra.pdf.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 147 • Issue 3 • September 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 19, 2020
Accepted: Feb 5, 2021
Published online: Jun 2, 2021
Published in print: Sep 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Nov 2, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Lulu Wang, Hu Yu, Tourism Driver Mechanisms of Metropolitan Area Development: Evidence from the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 10.1061/JUPDDM.UPENG-4428, 149, 4, (2023).
- Cintia Salgado-Gómez, Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda, Nicolás Contreras-Barraza, Lorena Araya-Silva, Perceptions Environmental and Health Impacts of Cruise Activity in the Roatan Ports, Water, 10.3390/w14193134, 14, 19, (3134), (2022).
- Alejandro Vega-Muñoz, Guido Salazar-Sepúlveda, Nicolás Contreras-Barraza, Identifying the Blue Economy Global Epistemic Community, Water, 10.3390/w13223234, 13, 22, (3234), (2021).