Study on Building a Smart Sustainable City Assessment Framework Using Big Data and Analytic Network Process
Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 147, Issue 3
Abstract
This study identifies indicators of urban sustainability and smart cities and then integrates them into a unified concept. Its aim is to reduce the gap in the literature between sustainable cities and smart cities with respect to urban development guidelines. Moreover, development directions for smart, sustainable, and inclusive urban environmental planning and design strategies are evaluated. To achieve these goals, a static evaluation system was developed and big data technique was used to construct a dynamic model. This model identifies factors that affect sustainable and smart cities and simulates changes in urban built environments under dynamic conditions, such as changes in regional development policies or space structures. Our proposed model is applied to examine the effects of both economic development and environmental issues on urban built environments. Moreover, changes in urban land intensification use mean that this model can be used to identify a set of management strategies that can meet planning targets and yield a sustainable urban built environment. Our proposed model is illustrated through case studies that demonstrate both the state of the art and the state of current practice to planners and decision makers. Our study revealed that the dependency weights of 10 indicators (listed in descending order) were “public transportation availability” (weights being 0.310), “prevalence of technology” (0.175), “greenhouse gas emission” (0.103), “domestic water use” (0.092), “living environment quality” (0.082), “decision making” (0.060), “innovation and internationalization” (0.050), “human resource quality” (0.048), “air pollution and noise” (0.048), and “government transparency” (0.032). Taipei City scored a total of 96 points on its performance as a smart sustainable city, which was weighted as 10.3919 and Singapore scored 105 points, which was weighted as 10.7528 according to the evaluation model, respectively.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Ahvenniemi, H., A. Huovila, I. Pinto-Seppä, and M. Airaksinen. 2017. “What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities?” Cities 60: 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.09.009.
Angelidou, M. 2014. “Smart city policies: A spatial approach.” Cities 41: S3–S11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2014.06.007.
Anthopoulos, L. G. 2015. “Understanding the smart city domain: A literature review.” In Transforming city governments for successful smart cities, edited by M. P. R. Bolívar, 9–21. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Batty, M. 2012. “Building a science of cities.” Cities 29: S9–S16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2011.11.008.
Batty, M. 2013. “Big data, smart cities and city planning.” Dialogues Human Geogr. 3 (3): 274–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043820613513390.
Blewitt, J. 2008. Understand the sustainable development. London: Sterling VA.
Boyd, D., and K. Crawford. 2012. “Critical questions for big data.” Inf. Commun. Soc. 15 (5): 662–679. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.678878.
Chakraborty, A., B. Wilson, S. Sarraf, and A. Jana. 2015. “Open data for informal settlements: Toward a user's guide for urban managers and planners.” J. Urban Manage. 4 (2): 74–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2015.12.001.
Chang, Y. H., W. M. Wey, and H. Y. Tseng. 2009. “Using ANP priorities with goal programming for revitalization strategies in historic transport: A case study of the Alishan Forest Railway.” Expert Syst. Appl. 36 (4): 8682–8690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2008.10.024.
Chang, Y. T., and L. Kong. 2007. Data mining principles and techniques. Taipei City, Taiwan: Wunan Bookstore.
Cheng, E. W. L., and H. Li. 2007. “Application of ANP in process models: An example of strategic partnering.” Build. Environ. 42 (1): 278–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.031.
Cobbinah, P. B., M. O. Erdiaw-Kwasie, and P. Amoateng. 2015. “Rethinking sustainable development within the framework of poverty and urbanisation in developing countries.” Environ. Dev. 13: 18–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2014.11.001.
Devi, B. U., D. Sundar, and P. Alli. 2013. “An effective time series analysis for stock trend prediction using ARIMA model for nifty midcap-50.” Int. J. Data Min. Knowledge Manage. Process 3 (1): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijdkp.2013.3106.
European Commission. 2015. “Energy union and climate.” Accessed October 12, 2016. http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/energy-union-and-climate_en.
Ewers, H.-J., and P. Nijkamp. 1991. “Sustainability as a key force for urban dynamics.” In Sustainability of urban system–A cross-national evolutionary analysis of urban innovation, edited by P. Nijkamp, 3–16. Aldershot, UK: Avebury.
Giffinger, R., C. Fertner, H. Kramar, R. Kalasek, N. Pichler-Milanović, and E. Meijers. 2007. Smart cities-ranking of European medium-sized cities. Vienna, Austria: Centre of Regional Science.
Håkonsson, T., and T. Carroll. 2016. “Is there a dark side of Big Data – point, counterpoint.” J. Org. Des. 5 (1): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-016-0007-5.
Hiremath, R. B., P. Balachandra, B. Kumar, S. S. Bansode, and J. Murali. 2013. “Indicator-based urban sustainability—A review.” Energy Sustainable Dev. 17 (6): 555–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2013.08.004.
Huang, J. Y., and W. M. Wey. 2019. “Application of big data and analytic network process for the adaptive reuse strategies of school land.” Soc. Indic. Res. 142 (3): 1075–1102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1951-y.
Holland, R. G. 2008. “Will the real smart city please stand up?” City 12 (3): 303–320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604810802479126.
III (Institute for Information Industry). 2013. Manual for incorporating the concept of smart city. Taipei, Taiwan: III.
Ishikawa, A., M. Amagasa, T. Shiga, G. Tomizawa, R. Tatsuta, and H. Mieno. 1993. “The max-min Delphi method and fuzzy Delphi method via fuzzy integration.” Fuzzy Sets Syst. 55 (3): 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0114(93)90251-C.
Karia, A. A., and I. Bujang. 2011. “Progress accuracy of CPO price prediction: Evidence from ARMA family and artificial neural network approach.” Int. Res. J. Finance Econ. 64: 66–79.
Kitchin, R. 2013. “Big data and human geography: Opportunities, challenges and risks.” Dialogues Hum. Geogr. 3 (3): 262–267. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2043820613513388.
Kuo, Y. F., and P. C. Chen. 2008. “Constructing performance appraisal indicators for mobility of the service industries using Fuzzy Delphi Method.” Expert Syst. Appl. 35 (4): 1930–1939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2007.08.068.
Lin, Y. H., K. M. Tsai, W. J. Shiang, T. C. Kuo, and C. H. Tsai. 2009. “Research on using ANP to establish a performance assessment model for business intelligence systems.” Expert Syst. Appl. 36 (2): 4135–4146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2008.03.004.
Liu, Y., H. Wang, and G. H. Tzeng. 2018. “From measure to guidance: Galactic model and sustainable development planning toward the best smart city.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 144 (4): 04018035. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000478.
Lombardi, P., S. Giordano, H. Farouh, and Y. Wael. 2011. An analytic network model for Smart cities. In Proc. 11th Int. Sym. on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 15–18. Cassino, Italy: AHP Academy.
Long, Y. 2015. “Big/open data for urban management.” J. Urban Manage. 4 (2): 73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2015.12.002.
Lytras, M., and A. Visvizi. 2018. “Who uses smart city services and what to make of it: Toward interdisciplinary smart cities research.” Sustainability 10: 1998. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061998.
McFdries, P. 2014. “The city as system [tchnically seaking].” IEEE Spectr. 51 (4): 36–36. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2014.6776302.
MGI (McKinsey Global Institute). 2011. Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity. New York: MGI.
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources. 2015. “Sustainable Singapore Blueprint.” Accessed November 11, 2017. https://www.nccs.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sustainable-singapore-blueprint-2015.pdf.
Neirotti, P., A. De Marco, A. C. Cagliano, G. Mangano, and F. Scorrano. 2014. “Current trends in smart city initiatives: Some stylised facts.” Cities 38: 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.12.010.
Niemira, M. P., and T. L. Saaty. 2004. “An analytic network process model for financial-crisis forecasting.” Int. J. Forecasting 20 (4): 573–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2003.09.013.
Nijkamp, P., and A. Perrels. 1994. Sustainable cities in Europe. London: Earthscan Publications.
Nijkamp, P., C. J. M. van den Bergh, and F. J. Soeteman, 1990. “Regional sustainable development and natural resource use.” World Bank Eco. Rev. 4 (Suppl 1): 153–188. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/4.suppl_1.153.
Petrică, A. C., S. Stancu, and A. Tindeche. 2016. “Limitation of ARIMA models in financial and monetary economics.” Theor. Appl. Econ. 23 (4): 19–42.
Petris, G., S. Petrone, and P. Campagnoli. 2009. “Dynamic linear models.” In: Dynamic linear models with R. Use R, 31–84. New York: Springer.
Rathore, M. M., A. Ahmad, A. Paul, and S. Rho. 2016. “Urban planning and building smart cities based on the internet of things using big data analytics.” Comput. Networks 101: 63–80.
Rekha, J. H., and R. Parvathi. 2015. “Big data, cloud and computing challenges survey on software project risks and big data analytics.” Comput. Sci. 50: 295–300.
Rubinstein, I. S. 2013. “Big data: The end of privacy or a new beginning?” Int. Data Privacy Law 3 (2): 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ips036.
Saaty, T. L. 1980. The analytic hierarchy process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Saaty, T. L. 1996. Decision making with dependence and feedback: The analytic network process. Pittsburgh, PA: RWS Publications.
Saaty, T. L. 2005. “Making and validating complex decisions with the AHP/ANP.” J. Sys. Sci. Sys. Eng. 14 (1): 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11518-006-0179-6.
Saaty, T. L. 2013. “The modern science of multicriteria decision making and its practical applications: The AHP/ANP approach.” Oper. Res. 61 (5): 1101–1118. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24540487.
Saaty, T. L., and M. Sodenkamp. 2010. “The analytic hierarchy and analytic network measurement processes: The measurement of intangibles.” In Handbook of multicriteria analysis, edited by C. Zopounidis and P. M. Pardalos, 91–166. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
Sachs, J. D. 2015. The age of sustainable development. New York: Columbia University Press.
Samarajiva, R., S. Lokanathan, K. Madhawa, G. Kreindler, and D. Maldeniya. 2015. “Big data to improve urban planning.” Econ. Political Weekly 50 (22): 42–48.
Schniederjans, M. J., and T. Garvin. 1997. “Using the analytic hierarchy process and multi-objective programming for the selection of cost drivers in activity-based costing.” Eur. J. Oper. Res. 100 (1): 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(96)00302-5.
Singhal, S., S. McGreal, and J. Berry. 2013. “An evaluative model for city competitiveness: Application to UK cities.” Land Use Policy 30 (1): 214–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.03.018.
Soto, V., and E. Frias-Martinez. 2011. “Robust land use characterization of urban landscapes using cell phone data.” In Workshop on Pervasive Urban Applications in Conjunction with 9th Int. Conf. on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimedia, 151–160. New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery.
Steenbruggen, J., E. Tranos, and P. Nijkamp. 2015. “Data from mobile phone operators: A tool for smarter cities?” Telecommun. Policy 39 (3–4): 335–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2014.04.001.
Taipei Smart City Project Management Office. 2016. “Taipei Smart City white paper.” Accessed October 25, 2016. https://taipeismartcity.gitbooks.io/-taipeismartcitywhitepaper_zh/content/.
Tanguay, G. A., J. Rajaonson, J. F. Lefebvre, and P. Lanoie. 2010. “Measuring the sustainability of cities: An analysis of the use of local indicators.” Ecol. Indic. 10 (2): 407–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.07.013.
Tefft, J. R., N. J. Kirsch, T. M. Adams, and T. S. Fu. 2016. “Wireless sensor system for detection of occupants to increase building energy efficiency.” In 2016 IEEE Int. Smart Cities Conf., 1–6. New York: IEEE.
United Nations. 2016. World population prospects. The 2015 revision. New York: Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs.
Visvizi, A., and M. D. Lytras. 2018. “Rescaling and refocusing smart cities research: From mega cities to smart villages.” J. Sci. Technol. Policy Manage. 9 (2): 134–145. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-02-2018-0020.
WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development). 1987. Our common future. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wey, W.-M., and K.-Y. Wu. 2007. “Using ANP priorities with goal programming in resource allocation in transportation.” Math. Comput. Modell. 46 (7–8): 985–1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2007.03.017.
Wijnmalen, D. J. 2007. “Analysis of benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks (BOCR) with the AHP-ANP: A critical validation.” Math. Comput. Model. 46 (7–8): 892–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2007.03.020.
Wong, T. C. 2009. “Development and challenges of data mining technology.” Sci. Dev. 442: 32–39.
Wu, W. W., and Y. T. Lee. 2007. “Selecting knowledge management strategies by using the analytic network process.” Expert Syst. Appl. 32 (3): 841–847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.01.029.
Yang, C. M. 2014. “Big data and its potential applications to agricultural production.” Crop Environ. Bioinf. 11: 51–56.
Yau, Y., and W. Lau. 2018. “Big data approach as an institutional innovation to tackle Hong Kong’s illegal subdivided unit problem.” Sustainability 10 (8): 2709. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082709.
Yuan, Y., and Y. Li. 2014. “Research on the construction of innovation driven smart cities.” In Int. Conf. on Construction and Real Estate Management, edited by Y. Wang, H. Ye, G. Q. P. Shen, and Y. Bai, 1719–1726. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Zhang, D. 2018. “Big data security and privacy protection, advances in computer science research.” In Vol. 77 of Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on Management and Computer Science, 275–288. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Atlantis Press.
Zubizarreta, I., A. Seravalli, and S. Arrizabalaga. 2016. “Smart city concept: What it is and what it should be.” J. Urban Plann. Dev. 142 (1): 04015005. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000282.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 9, 2020
Accepted: Jan 25, 2021
Published online: May 7, 2021
Published in print: Sep 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Oct 7, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Kaiyang Wang, Fangyu Guo, Towards Sustainable Development through the Perspective of Construction 4.0: Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis, Buildings, 10.3390/buildings12101708, 12, 10, (1708), (2022).
- Adeeb A. Kutty, Murat Kucukvar, Galal M. Abdella, Muhammet Enis Bulak, Nuri Cihat Onat, Sustainability Performance of European Smart Cities: A Novel DEA Approach with Double Frontiers, Sustainable Cities and Society, 10.1016/j.scs.2022.103777, 81, (103777), (2022).
- Svetlana Pupentsova, Alexandr Demin, Alina Kirilyuk, Victoria Pupentsova, The Introduction of Digital Technologies to Participatory Design in the Public Spaces Formation, Innovations in Digital Economy, 10.1007/978-3-031-14985-6_23, (325-342), (2022).
- Milad Pira, A novel taxonomy of smart sustainable city indicators, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10.1057/s41599-021-00879-7, 8, 1, (2021).