Technical Papers
Jun 30, 2020

Assessing the Role of Reward and Punishment Mechanism in House Price Regulation in China: A Game-Theoretic Approach

Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 146, Issue 3

Abstract

In recent years, the Chinese government has introduced relevant real estate policies to control the rapid rise of house prices, but with little effect. The success of regulation largely depends on the active participation of real estate developers. However, how to encourage developers to actively participate in regulation is under-explored. To fill this gap, we use the Nash game to explore the reasons for the failure of house price regulation, and then design a reward–punishment mechanism to urge real estate developers to actively implement regulatory policies. Our analysis shows that the passive participation of real estate developers leads to the failure of regulation. The established reward and punishment mechanism, if a considerable amount of reward and punishment is formulated, can effectively prompt developers to actively implement policies. These findings are of great value to promote the healthy development of the real estate market.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

Allen, F., and E. Carletti. 2013. “Systemic risk from real estate and macro-prudential regulation.” Int. J. Bank. Account. Finance 5 (1/2): 28–48. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBAAF.2013.058091.
Bian, X., Z. Lin, and Y. Liu. 2018. “Bargaining, mortgage financing, and housing prices.” J. Real Estate Res. 40: 419–451.
Bloomberg. 2018. “China’s latest policy for deflating the property bubble merely buys time, instead of offering relief. South China morning post.” Accessed March 7, 2020. https://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/2152297/chinas-latest-policy-deflating-property-bubble-merely-buys.
Brzezicka, J. 2016. “Speculative bubbles and their components on the real estate market—A preliminary analysis.” Real Estate Manage. Val. 24 (1): 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1515/remav-2016-0008.
Case, K. E., and R. J. Shiller. 2003. “Is there a bubble in the housing market?” Econ. Act. 2003 (2): 299–362. https://doi.org/10.1353/eca.2004.0004.
Chen, J. H., F. Guo, and Y. Wu. 2011. “One decade of urban housing reform in China: Urban housing price dynamics and the role of migration and urbanization, 1995–2005.” Habitat Int. 35 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2010.02.003.
Chen, K. J., and W. Yi. 2017. “The great housing boom of China.” Am. Econ. J. Macroeconomics 9 (2): 73–114. https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.20140234.
Chen, M. X., W. D. Liu, and D. D. Lu. 2016. “Challenges and the way forward in China’s new-type urbanization.” Land Use Policy 55: 334–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.07.025.
Chen, Y., D. Zhu, and L. Zhou. 2019. “A game theory analysis of promoting the spongy city construction at the building and community scale.” Habitat Int. 86: 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.03.007.
Chinloy, P., M. Cho, and I. Song. 2018. “House rent-price ratios: An international comparison.” J. Real Estate Res. 40: 347–374.
Chiu, D. 2016. “Housing Bubble, Politics and Trouble: Problems and Policies for China’s Real Estate Market.” China business review. Accessed March 6, 2020. https://www.chinabusinessreview.com/housing-bubble-politics-and-trouble-problems-and-policies-for-chinas-real-estate-market.
Crowe, C., G. Dell’Ariccia, D. Igan, and P. Rabanal. 2013. “How to deal with real estate booms: Lessons from country experiences.” J. Financial Stab. 9 (3): 300–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2013.05.003.
de Jong, M., C. Yu, S. Joss, R. Wennersten, L. Yu, X. L. Zhang, and X. Ma. 2016. “Eco city development in China: Addressing the policy implementation challenge.” J. Cleaner Prod. 134: 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.083.
Elliott, M. 1981. “The impact of growth control regulations on housing prices in California.” Real Estate Econ. 9 (2): 115–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6229.00235.
Ferrero, A. 2015. “House price booms, current account deficits, and low interest rates.” J. Money Credit Bank. 47 (S1): 261–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmcb.12202.
Fingleton, B. 2008. “Housing supply, housing demand, and affordability.” Urban Stud. 45 (8): 1545–1563. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098008091490.
Gibbons, R. 1992. A primer in game theory. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Glaeser, E. L., J. Gyourko, and R. E. Saks. 2005. “Why have housing prices gone up?” Am. Econ. Rev. 95 (2): 329–333. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282805774669961.
Guo, F., and Y. S. Huang. 2010. “Does “hot money” drive China’s real estate and stock markets?” Int. Rev. Econ. Finance 19 (3): 452–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2009.10.014.
Hannah, L., K. H. Kim, and E. S. Mills. 1993. “Land use controls and housing prices in Korea.” Urban Stud. 30 (1): 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420989320080091.
Hartmann, P. 2015. “Real estate markets and macro-prudential policy in Europe.” J. Money Credit Bank. 47 (S1): 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmcb.12192.
Hendershott, P. H., and G. Pryce. 2006. “The sensitivity of homeowner leverage to the deductibility of home mortgage interest.” J. Urban Econ. 60 (1): 50–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2006.01.003.
Himmelberg, C., C. Mayer, and T. Sinai. 2005. “Assessing high house prices: Bubbles, fundamentals and misperceptions.” J. Econ. Perspect. 19 (4): 67–92. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533005775196769.
Hsu, S. 2016. “China’s housing bubble is finally here–as expected.” Forbes. Accessed March 7, 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahsu/2016/10/11/chinas-housing-bubble-is-finally-here-as-expected/#67d9a7b960e6.
Hui, E. C. M., and Z. Wang. 2014. “Price anomalies and effectiveness of macro control policies: Evidence from Chinese housing markets.” Land Use Policy 39: 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.04.003.
Kamal, E. M., H. Hassan, and A. Osmadi. 2016. “Factors influencing the housing price: Developers” perspective.” Int. J. Soc. Behav. Educ. Econ. Bus. Ind. Eng. 10: 1603–1609.
Kenny, G. 1999. “Modelling the demand and supply sides of the housing market: Evidence from Ireland.” Econ. Modell. 16 (3): 389–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-9993(99)00007-3.
Kim, C. H., and K. H. Kim. 2000. “The political economy of Korean government policies on real estate.” Urban Stud. 37 (7): 1157–1169. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980020080071.
Lee, C. C., C. Y. Wang, and J. H. Zeng. 2017. “Housing price volume correlations and boom bust cycles.” Empirical Econ. 52 (4): 1423–1450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-016-1101-9.
Li, J., and Y. Xu. 2016. “Evaluating restrictive measures containing housing prices in China: A data envelopment analysis approach.” Urban Stud. 53 (12): 2654–2669. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015594594.
Madsen, J. B. 2012. “A behavioral model of house prices.” J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 82 (1): 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.12.010.
Mayo, S., and S. Sheppard. 1996. “Housing supply under rapid economic growth and varying regulatory stringency: An international comparison.” J. Housing Econ. 5 (3): 274–289. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhec.1996.0014.
McQuinn, K., and G. O’Reilly. 2008. “Assessing the role of income and interest rates in determining house prices.” Econ. Modell. 25 (3): 377–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2007.06.010.
Nuruddin, A. R., S. P. S. A. Bakar, and M. Jaafar. 2015. “Unveiling the challenges faced by Malaysian housing developers through government policy changes.” J. Constr. Dev. Countr. 20: 37–52.
Phang, S. Y. 2001. “Housing policy, wealth formation and the Singapore economy.” Housing Stud. 16 (4): 443–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673030120066545.
Qian, Q. K., E. H. W. Chan, and L. H. T. Choy. 2013. “How transaction costs affect real estate developers entering into the building energy efficiency (BEE) market?” Habitat Int. 37: 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2011.12.005.
Quigley, J. M., and S. Raphael. 2005. “Regulation and the high cost of housing in California.” Am. Econ. Rev. 95 (2): 323–328. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282805774670293.
Shi, W., J. Chen, and H. W. Wang. 2016. “Affordable housing policy in China: New developments and new challenges.” Habitat Int. 54: 224–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.11.020.
Tse, R. Y. C., C. W. Ho, and S. Ganesan. 1999. “Matching housing supply and demand: An empirical study of Hong Kong’s market.” Constr. Manage. Econ. 17 (5): 625–633. https://doi.org/10.1080/014461999371231.
Wang, K., and Y. Zhou. 2000. “Overbuilding: A game-theoretic approach.” Real Estate Econ. 28 (3): 493–522. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6229.00810.
Wu, J., J. Gyourko, and Y. H. Deng. 2012. “Evaluating conditions in major Chinese housing markets.” Reg. Sci. Urban Econ. 42 (3): 531–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2011.03.003.
Wu, Y. Z., J. J. Luo, X. L. Zhang, and M. Skitmore. 2016. “Urban growth dilemmas and solutions in China: Looking forward to 2030.” Habitat Int. 56: 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.04.004.
Yang, Y. 2017. “China’s housing boom ends as prices fall in top cities.” Financial times. Accessed March 7, 2020. https://www.ft.com/content/0ae22064-dd5a-11e6-9d7c-be108f1c1dce.
Ye, J. P., and Z. H. Wu. 2008. “Urban housing policy in China in the macro-regulation period 2004–2007.” Urban Policy Res. 26 (3): 283–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/08111140802301740.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 146Issue 3September 2020

History

Received: Dec 18, 2019
Accepted: Apr 15, 2020
Published online: Jun 30, 2020
Published in print: Sep 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Nov 30, 2020

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Ranran Zhang [email protected]
Ph.D. Candidate, School of Economics and Management, Tongji Univ., Shanghai 200092, China (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]
Professor, School of Economics and Management, Tongji Univ., Shanghai 200092, China. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share