Urban and Energy Assessment from a Systemic Approach of Urban Morphology, Urban Mobility, and Buildings: Case Study of Agua Branca in Sao Paulo
Publication: Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 139, Issue 4
Abstract
This paper aims to demonstrate and assess the potential for integrated planning involving urban morphology, urban mobility, buildings, and energy efficiency. The approach is based on the development and application of a method for energy modeling on the scale of urban districts and neighborhoods, envisioning the physical structure, functional characteristics, such as land use and urban circulation, and energy efficiency of urban areas. The results of methodology application in the Agua Branca case study, an urban development area located in Sao Paulo, Brazil, indicate that the planning, in the master planning stage, of a basic volume of buildings associated with their geographical orientation and the design of urban canyons represents the main urban strategy to reduce energy consumption in buildings. The energy efficiency potential in urban transport is much higher than in buildings, indicating that the main energy efficiency action in the Agua Branca urban area as a whole would be the prioritization of public transport in relation to individual transport.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ABNT [Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (Brazilian Association of Technical Norms)]. (2005). “Brazilian bioclimatic zoning.”, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Almeida, M. A., Schaeffer, R., and La Rovere, E. L. (2001). “The potential for electricity conservation and peak load reduction in the residential sector of Brazil.” Energy, 26(4), 413–429.
Anderson, W. P., Kanaroglou, P. S., and Miller, E. J. (1996). “Urban form, energy and the environment: A review of issues, evidence and policy.” Urban Stud., 33(1), 7–35.
Associação Nacional de Transportes Públicos (National Association of Public Transport) (ANTP). (2008). Sistema de informações da mobilidade urbana—Relatório Geral 2007 (Oct. 1), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Baker, N., and Steemers, K. (2000). Energy and environment in architecture: A technical design guide, E&FN Spon, London.
Brasil. (2001). Estatuto da Cidade, Lei Federal No. 10.257/2001 (City Statute, Federal Law No. 10.257/2001), Brazilian Federal Government, Brasilia, 〈http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/LEIS_2001/L10257.htm〉 (Dec. 7, 2012).
CMSP [Companhia do Metropolitano de Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo Metro Company)]. (1998). Origin—Destination survey 1997: Metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
CMSP [Companhia do Metropolitano de Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo Metro Company)]. (2008). Origin—Destination survey 2007: Metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Codoban, N., and Kennedy, C. A. (2008). “Metabolism of neighborhoods.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 21–31.
Eletrobras. (2007). Brazilian energy efficiency market assessment: Equipment possession and usage habit survey in the residential sector—Brazil report, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
EMURB [Empresa Municipal de Obras e Urbanização (Sao Paulo Urbanization Municipal Company)]. (2009). Agua Branca urban operation area: Review parameters (Oct. 2009), Sao Paulo, Brazil, 〈http://www.slideshare.net/chicomacena/operao-gua-branca-parametros-de-revisao-out09?from=share_email〉 (Jun. 4, 2012).
Ewing, E., and Cervero, R. (2010). “Travel and the built environment.” J. Am. Plann. Assoc., 76(3), 265–294.
Filion, Y. R. (2008). “Impact of urban form on energy use in water distribution systems.” J. Infrastruct. Syst., 337–346.
Givoni, B. (1998). Climate considerations in building and urban design, Wiley, New York.
Golany, G. (1995). Ethics and urban design: Culture, form and environment, Wiley, New York.
Goldemberg, J., and Villanueva, L. D. (2000). Energy and the challenge of sustainability—World energy assessment, United Nations Development Programme, New York.
Google earth, Image © 2013 Digital Globe. (2013). Map of Agua Branca area in Sao Paulo, Google, Brazil.
IBGE [Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics)]. (2011). Synopsis of demographic diagnosis in 2010, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 〈http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/censo2010/sinopse.pdf〉 (Jun. 1, 2012).
Lemp, J. D., Zhou, B. B., Kockelman, K. M., and Parmenter, B. M. (2008). “Visioning versus modeling: Analyzing the land-use-transportation futures of urban regions.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 97–109.
Lin, Q. G., Huang, G. H., Huang, Y. F., and Zhang, X. D. (2010). “Inexact community-scale energy systems planning model.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 136(3), 195–207.
Marins, K. R. de C. C. (2010). “Methodological proposal for energy planning in the development of urban areas. The potential of integrating strategies and solutions in urban morphology and mobility, buildings, energy and environment: Agua Branca urban operation case study, Sao Paulo.” Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Univ. of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 〈http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-09062010-155906/es.php〉 (Jun. 4, 2012).
Moreira, J. R., Coelho, S. T., Velázquez, S. M. S. G., Apolinário, S. M., Melo, E. H., and Elmadjian, P. H. B. (2008). “Best project: Contribution of ethanol usage in public urban transport.” Proc., XVI SIMEA 2008, AEA, São Paulo, Brazil.
Newman, P., and Kenworthy, J. (1999). An international sourcebook of automobile dependence in cities, 1960–1990, Univ. Press of Colorado, Boulder, CO.
Norman, J., MacLean, H. L., and Kennedy, C. A. (2006). “Comparing high and low residential density: Life-cycle analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions.” J. Urban Plann. Dev., 10–21.
Ohta, K., et al. (2006). Transport policy in perspective 2005, Japan Research Center for Transport Policy, Tokyo.
Oke, T. R., Johnson, G. T., Steyn, D. G., and Watson, I. D. (1991). “Simulation of surface urban heat islands under ‘ideal’ conditions at night—Part 2: Diagnosis and causation.” Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 56(4), 339–358.
Owens, S. (1986). Energy, planning and urban form, Pion, London.
PMSP [Prefeitura de Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo Municipality)]. (1992). Municipal law No. 11.228/92: Building code, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 〈http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/habitacao/plantas_on_line/legislacao/index.php?p=9612〉 (Jun. 4, 2012).
PMSP [Prefeitura de Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo Municipality)]. (1995). Municipal law No. 11.774/95: Agua Branca urban operation area, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 〈http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/desenvolvimento_urbano/sp_urbanismo/operacoes_urbanas/agua_branca/index.php?p=19593〉 (Jun. 4, 2012).
PMSP [Prefeitura de Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo Municipality)]. (2002). Sao Paulo political and management map, Dept. of Statistics and Data Processing, Sao Paulo Municipality Urban Development Secretary (DIPRO/SMDU/PMSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil, 〈http://smdu.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/panorama/pdf/pag01.pdf〉 (Aug. 17, 2011).
PMSP [Prefeitura de Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo Municipality)]. (2004). Municipal law No. 13.885/04: São Paulo city zoning, São Paulo, Brazil, 〈http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/desenvolvimento_urbano/legislacao/planos_regionais/index.php?p=822〉 (Aug. 15, 2011).
PMSP [Prefeitura de Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo Municipality)]. (2008). Demographic data referring to Sao Paulo districts and municipality, São Paulo, Brazil, 〈http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/subprefeituras/subprefeituras/dados_demograficos/index.php?p=12758〉 (Jun. 4, 2012).
Roméro, M. A., Gonçalves, J. C., and Dilonardo, L. F. P. (1999). “A evolução da arquitetura e dos aspectos energéticos dos edifícios de escritórios nos últimos 30 anos na cidade de São Paulo.” ENCAC Proc., Associação Nacional de Tecnologia do Ambiente Construído, Fortaleza.
Santamouris, M., et al. (2001). Energy and climate in the urban built environment, Earthscan/James & James, London.
Santamouris, M., et al. (2006). Environmental design of urban buildings: An integrated approach, Earthscan/James & James, London.
SEADE [Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (São Paulo State Data Processing System)]. (2007). São Paulo metropolitan region statistical data—2007, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Vasconcellos, E. (2006). Transporte e meio ambiente: Conceitos e informações para análise de impactos, Editora do Autor, São Paulo, Brazil.
Walton, D., Lally, M., Septiana, H., Taylor, D., Thorne, R., and Cameron, A. (2007). Urban design compendium, English Partnerships and the Housing Corporation, U.K.
Watchs, M., et al. (2000). Highway capacity manual 2000—HCM 2000, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Urban Planning and Development
Volume 139 • Issue 4 • December 2013
Pages: 280 - 291
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 16, 2011
Accepted: Mar 6, 2013
Published online: Mar 8, 2013
Discussion open until: Aug 8, 2013
Published in print: Dec 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.