Test, Analysis, and Seismic Design Approach of RC Infill Walls Isolated by PVC Tubes in Coupled Shear Wall Systems
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 8
Abstract
Considered nonstructural elements, infill walls and their participation in earthquake resistance are often neglected in structural design, which leads to deviations in the predictions of seismic responses. Generally, infill masonry walls are the most extensively used type, but they often exhibit out-of-plane vulnerability and insufficient reliability during earthquakes. To overcome the drawbacks and further improve the beneficial contributions of infill walls, a reinforced concrete (RC) infill wall isolated by polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes, abbreviated as PVCIW, was proposed to incorporate with coupled shear walls. Featuring flexible connections, the PVC tubes were adopted to eliminate the unfavorable constraints between infill walls and the main structure. RC panel was adopted for the infill because of its excellent compressive properties and out-of-plane resistance. Compression of the PVCIW was allowed during extreme quakes to contribute to anticollapsing of the coupled shear walls. Cyclic loading tests were applied to compare the hysteretic properties between coupled shear wall specimens equipped with RC infill walls, PVCIWs, and without infill walls, and the advantages of PVCIWs were validated. Finite-element analysis (FEA) was performed to simulate the test results, and parametric cases were investigated to optimize the design of PVCIWs. Finally, based on a modified coupling ratio considering the influence of PVCIWs, a new seismic design approach was developed to obtain the optimized properties of this novel system.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFC1509303), the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52078275), and the Institute for Guo Qiang, Tsinghua University (Grant No. 2019GQC0001).
References
Almusallam, T. H., and Y. A. Al-Salloum. 2007. “Behavior of FRP strengthened infill walls under in-plane seismic loading.” J. Compos. Constr. 11 (3): 308–318. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:3(308).
Burton, H. V., G. G. Deierlein, D. Mar, K. M. Mosalam, J. Rodgers, and S. Gunay. 2016. “Rocking spine for enhanced seismic performance of reinforced concrete frames with infills.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (11): 04016096. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001574.
Calio, I., and B. Panto. 2014. “A macro-element modelling approach of infilled frame structures.” Comput. Struct. 143 (Sep): 91–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2014.07.008.
Chaulagain, H., H. Rodrigues, E. Spacone, and H. Varum. 2016. “Seismic safety assessment of existing masonry infill structures in Nepal.” Earthquake Eng. Eng. Vibr. 15 (2): 251–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-016-0320-6.
Code of China. 1997. Specification of testing methods for earthquake resistant building. [In Chinese.] JGJ 101-96. Beijing: China Planning Press.
Code of China. 2010. Code for design of concrete structures. [In Chinese.] GB 50010-2010. Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press.
Code of China. 2013. Code for seismic design of buildings. [In Chinese.] GB 50011. Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press.
d’Aragona, M. G., M. Polese, M. Di Ludovico, and A. Prota. 2021. “The use of stick-IT model for the prediction of direct economic losses.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 50 (7): 1884–1907. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3429.
Del Gaudio, C., M. T. De Risi, P. Ricci, and G. M. Verderame. 2019. “Empirical drift-fragility functions and loss estimation for infills in reinforced concrete frames under seismic loading.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 17 (3): 1285–1330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0501-y.
De Luca, F., G. M. Verderame, F. Gomez-Martinez, and A. Perez-Garcia. 2014. “The structural role played by masonry infills on RC building performances after the 2011 Lorca, Spain, earthquake.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 12 (5): 1999–2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9500-1.
Dvorkin, E. N., D. Pantuso, and E. A. Repetto. 1995. “A formulation of the MITC4 shell element for finite strain elasto-plastic analysis.” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 125 (1–4): 17–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(95)00767-U.
El-Tawil, S., K. A. Harries, P. J. Fortney, B. M. Shahrooz, and Y. Kurama. 2010. “Seismic design of hybrid coupled wall systems: State of the art.” J. Struct. Eng. 136 (7): 755–769. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000186.
El-Tawil, S., and C. M. Kuenzli. 2002. “Pushover of hybrid coupled walls. Part II: Analysis and behavior.” J. Struct. Eng. 128 (10): 1282–1289. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:10(1282).
Furtado, A., H. Rodrigues, A. Arede, and H. Varum. 2016. “Simplified macro-model for infill masonry walls considering the out-of-plane behavior.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 45 (4): 507–524. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2663.
Furtado, A., H. Rodrigues, A. Arede, and H. Varum. 2018. “Out-of-plane behavior of masonry infilled RC frames based on the experimental tests available: A systematic review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 168 (Apr): 831–848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.129.
Hak, S., P. Morandi, G. Magenes, and T. J. Sullivan. 2012. “Damage control for clay masonry infills in the design of RC frame structures.” Supplement, J. Earthquake Eng. 16 (S1): 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2012.670575.
Hassan, M., and S. El-Tawil. 2004. “Inelastic dynamic behavior of hybrid coupled walls.” J. Struct. Eng. 130 (2): 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:2(285).
Hermanns, L., A. Fraile, E. Alarcon, and R. Alvarez. 2014. “Performance of buildings with masonry infill walls during the 2011 Lorca earthquake.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 12 (5): 1977–1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9499-3.
Lima, C., G. De Stefano, and E. Martinelli. 2014. “Seismic response of masonry infilled RC frames: Practice-oriented models and open issues.” Earthquakes Struct. 6 (4): 409–436. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.6.4.409.
Lu, X., X. Z. Lu, H. Guan, and L. P. Ye. 2013. “Collapse simulation of reinforced concrete high-rise building induced by extreme earthquakes.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 42 (5): 705–723. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2240.
Lu, X. Z., L. L. Xie, H. Guan, Y. L. Huang, and X. Lu. 2015. “A shear wall element for nonlinear seismic analysis of super-tall buildings using OpenSees.” Finite Elem. Anal. Des. 98 (Jun): 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2015.01.006.
Lunn, D. S., and S. H. Rizkalla. 2014. “Design of FRP-strengthened infill-masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane loading.” J. Compos. Constr. 18 (3): 4013002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000412.
Margiacchi, F., L. Salvatori, M. Orlando, M. De Stefano, and P. Spinelli. 2016. “Seismic response of masonry-infilled steel frames via multi-scale finite-element analyses.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 14 (12): 3529–3546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-0012-7.
Mazzoni, S., F. McKenna, M. H. Scott, and G. L. Fenves. 2007. Opensees command language manual. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Minotto, M., N. Verlato, M. Dona, and F. da Porto. 2020. “Strengthening of in-plane and out-of-plane capacity of thin clay masonry infills using textile and fiber-reinforced mortar.” J. Compos. Constr. 24 (6): 04020059. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001067.
Mondal, G., and S. Tesfamariam. 2014. “Effects of vertical irregularity and thickness of unreinforced masonry infill on the robustness of RC framed buildings.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 43 (2): 205–223. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2338.
Panto, B., and P. P. Rossi. 2019. “A new macromodel for the assessment of the seismic response of infilled RC frames.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 48 (7): 792–817. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3163.
Sagar, S. L., V. Singhal, and D. C. Rai. 2019. “In-plane and out-of-plane behavior of masonry-infilled RC frames strengthened with fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix.” J. Compos. Constr. 23 (1): 04018073. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000905.
Shen, S. D., P. Pan, Z. Z. He, G. Q. Xiao, and X. J. Li. 2021. “Parametric analysis and new design formulas of a prefabricated energy-dissipating composite slotted shear wall.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 50 (8): 2115–2133. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3439.
Shen, S. D., P. Pan, Q. S. Miao, W. F. Li, and R. H. Gong. 2019. “Test and analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) precast shear wall assembled using steel shear key (SSK).” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 48 (14): 1595–1612. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3215.
Yan, D. B. 2006. “The analysis on earthquake resistance of short-pier shear wall structure involving infilled wall.” Master’s degree thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univ.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 8 • August 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 14, 2021
Accepted: Mar 16, 2022
Published online: May 23, 2022
Published in print: Aug 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Oct 23, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Binbin Ye, Haishen Wang, Yuhong Ma, Peng Pan, Seismic performance of flexure-dominated reinforced-engineered cementitious composites coupled shear wall, Engineering Structures, 10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114992, 272, (114992), (2022).