Quasi-Static Cyclic Behavior of Controlled Rocking Steel Frames
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 11
Abstract
Controlled rocking braced steel frames are seismic lateral-force resisting systems that utilize column-uplifting mechanisms, high-strength post-tensioning, and replaceable energy-dissipating fuses to enhance seismic performance. This paper describes seven quasi-static cyclic tests of half-scale rocking frames that were conducted to investigate the behavior of the system and its components, validate analysis models, establish seismic performance limit states, and develop and evaluate construction details. Design parameters investigated include alternate frame configurations, fuse characteristics, capacity for self-centering, overturning moment resistance, and initial post-tensioning stress. The tests demonstrate that the controlled rocking system can satisfy the performance goals of (1) maintaining elastic response of the rocking braced frame and post-tensioning up to drift ratios of 2.5%, (2) confining inelastic response to replaceable shear fuses, and (3) achieving near-zero residual drift when the lateral forces are removed.
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Acknowledgments
The authors greatly appreciate the contributions to this work from Professor Sarah Billington, graduate students Kerry Hall, Eric Borchers, and Alex Peña, Post-Doctoral Researcher Paul Cordova, and practicing structural engineers David Mar and Gregory Luth. The authors also thank our Japanese collaborators, Professors Toru Takeuchi, Mitsumasa Midorikawa, Masayoshi Nakashima, Kazuhiko Kasai, researcher at E-Defense Tsuyoshi Hikino, and graduate students Ryota Matsui, Masaru Oobayashi, Yosuke Yamamoto, and Ryohei Yamazaki. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. (CMMI-0530756) via the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation, the American Institute of Steel Construction, Stanford University, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In-kind funding was provided by Tefft Bridge and Iron of Tefft, Indiana, MC Detailers of Merrillville, Indiana, Munster Steel Co. Inc. of Munster, Indiana, Infra-Metals of Marseilles, Indiana, and Textron/Flexalloy Inc. Fastener Systems Division of Indianapolis, Indiana. The LBCB Operations Manager and LBCB Plugin used in this research were developed by Narutoshi Nakata, Oh Sung Kwon, Michael Bletzinger, Sung Jig Kim, Curtis Holub, and Matthew Eatherton with support from NEES@UIUC, Grant No. A6000 SBC NEES OMSA-2004, and the Mid-America Earthquake Center, NSF Grant No. EEC-9701785.
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Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 11 • November 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 22, 2013
Accepted: Nov 13, 2013
Published online: May 21, 2014
Discussion open until: Oct 21, 2014
Published in print: Nov 1, 2014
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