Behavior of Precast Concrete Shear Walls for Seismic Regions: Comparison of Hybrid and Emulative Specimens
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 11
Abstract
This paper discusses the lateral load behavior of two, 0.40-scale, hybrid, precast concrete shear wall test specimens and the behavior of a third precast specimen designed to emulate monolithic cast-in-place RC shear walls. The walls had identical overall geometry and were constructed by placing rectangular precast panels across horizontal joints. The hybrid walls used mild steel bars [Grade 400 (U.S. Grade 60)] and high-strength unbonded posttensioning (PT) strands for lateral resistance, whereas the emulative wall used only mild steel bars. The mild steel bars crossing the base joint were designed to yield and provide energy dissipation, with the PT steel in the hybrid walls reducing the residual displacements of the structure. The mild steel bars at the base of the emulative wall and one of the hybrid walls used Type II mechanical splices, while the other hybrid wall used continuous bars grouted into the foundation. Because of the lack of PT steel, the emulative wall developed a large residual uplift at the base joint, resulting in excessive horizontal slip and strength degradation. The behavior of the hybrid wall with Type II splices was also limited, which occurred because of the pullout of the mild steel bars. In contrast, the hybrid wall with continuous mild steel bars showed superior restoring, energy dissipation, and ductile behavior over larger lateral displacements. The results show the potential for the use of precast walls in seismic regions, while also revealing important detailing considerations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the Charles Pankow Foundation and the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). Additional support was provided by the High Concrete Group, LLC; the Consulting Engineers Group, Inc.; and the University of Notre Dame. The authors acknowledge the support of the PCI Research and Development Committee and the members of the Project Advisory Panel, including Walt Korkosz (chair) of the Consulting Engineers Group, Inc.; Ken Baur of the High Concrete Group, LLC; Neil Hawkins of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; S.K. Ghosh of S.K. Ghosh Associates, Inc.; and Dave Dieter of Mid-State Precast, LP. Material donations were provided by Jenny Bass of Essve Tech Inc.; Randy Draginis and Norris Hayes of Hayes Industries, Ltd.; Randy Ernest of Prestress Supply Inc.; Chris Lagaden of Ecco Manufacturing; Stan Landry of Enerpac Precision SURE-LOCK; Richard Lutz of Summit Engineered Products; Shane Whitacre of Dayton Superior Corporation; and Steve Yoshida of Sumiden Wire Products Corporation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and/or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the individuals or organizations listed here.
References
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2007). “Acceptance criteria for special unbonded post-tensioned precast structural walls based on validation testing and commentary.” ACI ITG-5.1-07, Detroit.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2009). “Design of a special unbonded post-tensioned precast shear wall satisfying ACI ITG-5.1 requirements.” ACI ITG-5.2-09, Detroit.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2011). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.” ACI 318-11, Detroit.
Ajrab, J., Pekcan, G., and Mander, J. (2004). “Rocking wall-frame structures with supplemental tendon systems.” J. Struct. Eng., 130(6), 895–903.
ASCE. (2005). “Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures.” ASCE/SEI 7-05, Reston, VA.
Hamid, N., and Mander, J. (2010). “Lateral seismic performance of multipanel precast hollowcore walls.” J. Struct. Eng., 136(7), 795–804.
ABAQUS user’s manual version 6.9. (2009). Dassault Systemes, Waltham, MA.
Holden, T., Restrepo, J., and Mander, J. (2003). “Seismic performance of precast reinforced and prestressed concrete walls.” J. Struct. Eng., 129(3), 286–296.
International Code Council (ICC) Evaluation Service. (2010). “Acceptance criteria for mechanical connector systems for steel reinforcing bars.” AC133, Whittier, CA.
Kurama, Y. (2000). “Seismic design of unbonded post tensioned precast walls with supplemental viscous damping.” ACI Struct. J., 97(4), 648–658.
Kurama, Y. (2001). “Simplified seismic design approach for friction damped unbonded post tensioned precast walls.” ACI Struct. J., 98(5), 705–716.
Kurama, Y., Sause, R., Pessiki, S., and Lu, L. W. (2002). “Seismic response evaluation of unbonded post-tensioned precast walls.” ACI Struct. J., 99(5), 641–651.
Marriott, D. J., Pampanin, S., Palermo, A., and Bull, D. (2008). “Shake-table testing of hybrid post-tensioned precast wall systems with alternative dissipating solutions.” 14th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, International Association for Earthquake Engineering (IAEE), Chicago.
Nagae, T., et al. (2011). “Design and instrumentation of 2010 E-defense four-story reinforced concrete and post-tensioned concrete buildings.” PEER Report 2011/103, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Perez, F., Pessiki, S., and Sause, R. (2004). “Lateral load behavior of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete walls with vertical joints.” PCI J., 49(2), 48–64.
Perez, F. J., Sause, R., and Pessiki, S. (2007). “Analytical and experimental lateral load behavior of unbonded posttensioned precast concrete walls.” J. Struct. Eng., 133(11), 1531–1540.
Prakash, V., Powell, G., and Campbell, S. (1993). “DRAIN-2DX base program description and user guide: Version 1.10.” Research Rep. UCB/SEMM-93/17, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Priestley, M. (1991). “Overview of PRESSS research program.” PCI J., 36(4), 50–57.
Priestley, M., Sritharan, S., Conley, J., and Pampanin, S. (1999). “Preliminary results and conclusions from the PRESSS five-story precast concrete test building.” PCI J., 44(6), 42–67.
Restrepo, J. (2003). “Self-centering precast post-tensioned cantilever walls – Theory and experimental work.” ASCE Structures Congress, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Schoettler, M. J., Belleri, A., Zhang, D., Restrepo, J., and Fleischman, R. B. (2009). “Preliminary results of the shake-table testing for development of a diaphragm seismic design methodology.” PCI J., 54(1), 100–124.
Smith, B., Kurama, Y., and McGinnis, M. (2011). “Design and measured behavior of a hybrid precast concrete wall specimen for seismic regions.” J. Struct. Eng., 137(10), 1052–1062.
Smith, B., Kurama, Y., and McGinnis, M. (2012). “Hybrid precast wall systems for seismic regions.” Str. Engin. Res. Rep. #NDSE-2012-01, Univ. of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN.
Walsh, K., and Kurama, Y. (2010). “Behavior of unbonded post-tensioning monostrand anchorage systems under monotonic tensile loading.” PCI J., 55(1), 97–117.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 14, 2011
Accepted: Oct 11, 2012
Published online: Oct 13, 2012
Published in print: Nov 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.