Numerical Analysis of Innovative Sacrificial Protection System under Blast Loading
Publication: Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 27, Issue 1
Abstract
In the present study, an innovative sacrificial system, comprising hollow tubes, for resisting blast load, is analyzed on a RC panel using the three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite-element software ABAQUS/Explicit. A square RC panel is modeled, and hollow mild steel tubes are used with a steel sheet to protect it from the blast loading. Blast load is applied through the ConWep program developed by the US Army. The Johnson-Cook (J-C) plasticity model with failure criterion is used to model the stress-strain response of mild steel and reinforcement bars under high strain rate loading. A Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) material model is used to model the behavior of concrete under blast load. Parametric studies have been performed considering different lengths (), outer diameter (), and thickness () of hollow mild steel tubes under varying blast loads. From numerical simulation results, it is observed that thinner sections of hollow mild steel tubes, in the proposed sacrificial system, performed better than the thicker sections. Further, it is observed that steel sheets can withstand a specific intensity of blast load governed by its thicknesses in the considered sacrificial system. The optimized combination of steel sheets and hollow metal tubes, in the considered sacrificial system, can reduce the peak deflection of the RC panel by more than 80%.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
References
ABAQUS/Explicit. 2013. User’s manual. France: Dassault Systemes Simulia Corporation.
Abramowicz, W., and N. Jones. 1984. “Dynamic axial crushing of square tubes.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 2 (2): 179–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-743X(84)90005-8.
Alexander, J. M. 1960. “An approximate analysis of the collapse of thin cylindrical shells under axial loading.” Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 13 (1): 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmam/13.1.10.
Aslani, F., and R. Jowkarmeimandi. 2012. “Stress-strain model for concrete under cyclic loading.” Mag. Concr. Res. 64 (8): 673–685. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.11.00120.
Bhutada, S., and M. D. Goel. 2021. “Crashworthiness parameters and their improvement using tubes as an energy absorbing structure: An overview.” Int. J. Crashworthiness 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2021.1969845.
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard). 1989. Dimensions for steel plates, sheets strips and flats for general engineering purposes. IS 1730:1989. New Delhi, India: BIS.
BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard). 1998. Steel tubes for structural purpose. IS:1161-1998. New Delhi, India: BIS.
Boria, S. 2017. “Thin-walled truncated conical structures under axial collapse: Analysis of crushing parameters.” In Dynamic response and failure of composite materials and structures, 335–363. Cambridge, MA: Woodhead.
Cadoni, E., and D. Forni. 2015. “Strain rate effects on reinforcing steels in tension.” EPJ Web Conf. 94: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20159400001.
Candappa, D. C., J. G. Sanjayan, and S. Setunge. 2001. “Complete triaxial stress-strain curves of high-strength concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 13 (3): 209–215. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2001)13:3(209).
CEB (Comite Euro-International du Beton). 1998. Concrete structures under impact and impulsive loading. Lausanne, Switzerland: CEB.
CEB-FIP (Comite Euro-International du beton-Federation Internationale de la Preconstraine). 1990. CEB-FIP model code 1990: Design code 1994. London: Thomas Telford.
Chakraborty, T., M. Larcher, and N. Gebbeken. 2013. “Comparative performance of tunnel linings under blast loading.” In Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Computational Methods in Tunnelling and Subsurface Engineering, 17–19. Bochum, Germany: Ruhr Univ.
Fedoroff, A., K. Calonius, and J. Kuutti. 2019. “Behavior of the ABAQUS CDP model in simple stress states.” [In Finnish.] Rakenteiden Mekaniikka 52 (2): 87–113. https://doi.org/10.23998/rm.75937.
Foglar, M., R. Hajek, M. Kovar, and J. Štoller. 2015. “Blast performance of RC panels with waste steel fibers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 94 (Sep): 536–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.082.
Foglar, M., and M. Kovar. 2013. “Conclusions from experimental testing of blast resistance of FRC and RC bridge decks.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 59 (Sep): 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.03.008.
Goel, M. D. 2015. “Deformation, energy absorption and crushing behavior of single-, double- and multi-wall foam filled square and circular tubes.” Thin-Walled Struct. 90 (May): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2015.01.004.
Goel, M. D. 2016. “Numerical investigation of the axial impact loading behaviour of single, double and stiffened circular tubes.” Int. J. Crashworthiness 21 (1): 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2015.1113617.
Goel, M. D., N. S. Choudhary, and S. Panchal. 2020. “Resilient sacrificial system for concrete slab under blast loading.” Indian Concr. J. 94 (10): 31–43.
Goel, M. D., V. A. Matsagar, S. Marburg, and A. K. Gupta. 2013. “Comparative performance of stiffened sandwich foam panels under impulsive loading.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 27 (5): 540–549. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000340.
Guruprasad, S., and A. Mukherjee. 2000. “Layered sacrificial claddings under blast loading. Part II—Experimental studies.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 24 (9): 975–984. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0734-743X(00)00005-1.
Ha, N. S., and G. Lu. 2020. “Thin-walled corrugated structures: A review of crashworthiness designs and energy absorption characteristics.” Thin-Walled Struct. 157 (Dec): 106995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.106995.
Hooputra, H., H. Gese, H. Dell, and H. Werner. 2004. “A comprehensive failure model for crashworthiness simulation of aluminum extrusions.” Int. J. Crashworthiness 9 (5): 449–464. https://doi.org/10.1533/ijcr.2004.0289.
Iqbal, M. A., K. Senthil, P. Bhargava, and N. K. Gupta. 2015. “The characterization and ballistic evaluation of mild steel.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 78 (Apr): 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.12.006.
Johnson, G. R., and W. H. Cook. 1983. “A computational constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strain, high strain rates and high pressures.” In Proc., 7th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, 541–547. Hague, Netherlands: Royal Institution of Engineers in the Netherlands (KIvI), Division for Military Engineering in co-operation with the American Defense Preparedness Association.
Johnson, G. R., and W. H. Cook. 1985. “Fracture characteristics of three metals subjected to various strains, strain rates, temperatures and pressures.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 21 (1): 31–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(85)90052-9.
Lee, J., and G. L. Fenves. 1998. “Plastic-damage model for cyclic loading of concrete structures.” J. Eng. Mech. 124 (8): 892–900. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1998)124:8(892).
Li, X.-X. L., C. Wang, and J. Sato. 2020. “Framework for dynamic analysis of radioactive material transport packages under accident drop conditions.” Nucl. Eng. Des. 360 (Apr): 110480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2019.110480.
Lim, J. C., T. Ozbakkaloglu, A. Gholampour, T. Bennett, and R. Sadeghi. 2016. “Finite-element modeling of actively confined normal-strength and high-strength concrete under uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial compression.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (11): 04016113. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001589.
Lin, X., Y. X. Zhang, and P. J. Hazell. 2014. “Modelling the response of reinforced concrete panels under blast loading.” Mater. Des. 56 (Apr): 620–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.11.069.
Matsagar, V. A. 2013. “Materials for sacrificial blast wall as protective structure.” Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. 79 (4): 717–723. https://doi.org/10.16943/ptinsa/2013/v79i4/48006.
Neuberger, A., S. Peles, and D. Rittel. 2007. “Scaling the response of circular plates subjected to large and close-range spherical explosions. Part I : Air-blast loading.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 34 (5): 859–873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.04.001.
Palanivelu, S., et al. 2011. “Performance of sacrificial cladding structure made of empty recyclable metal beverage cans under large-scale air blast load.” Appl. Mech. Mater. 82 (Jul): 416–421. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.82.416.
Pandarkar, A., M. D. Goel, and M. S. Hora. 2016. “Axial crushing of hollow and foam filled tubes: An overview.” Sadhana—Acad. Proc. Eng. Sci. 41 (8): 909–921. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-016-0525-4.
Park, J. Y., E. Jo, M. S. Kim, S. J. Lee, and Y. H. Lee. 2016. “Dynamic behavior of a steel plate subjected to blast loading.” Trans. Can. Soc. Mech. Eng. 40 (4): 575–583. https://doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2016-0045.
Poinard, C., Y. Malecot, and L. Daudeville. 2010. “Damage of concrete in a very high stress state: Experimental investigation.” Mater. Struct. 43 (1): 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-008-9467-6.
Rabbat, B. G., and H. G. Russel. 1985. “Friction coefficient of steel on concrete or grout.” J. Struct. Eng. 111 (3): 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:3(505).
Samani, A. K., and M. M. Attard. 2012. “A stress–strain model for uniaxial and confined concrete under compression.” Eng. Struct. 41 (Aug): 335–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.03.027.
Smith, P., and J. Hetherington. 1994. Blast and ballistic loading of structures. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.
START (National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism). 2020. “Global terrorism database.” Accessed May 17, 2021. https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/.
Vo, N. H., T. M. Pham, K. Bi, W. Chen, and H. Hao. 2021. “Stress wave mitigation properties of dual-meta panels against blast loads.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 154 (Aug): 103877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2021.103877.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction
Volume 27 • Issue 1 • February 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 29, 2021
Accepted: Sep 22, 2021
Published online: Nov 11, 2021
Published in print: Feb 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Apr 11, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- N. S. Choudhary, M. D. Goel, Sandeep Panchal, Improvement in Blast Performance of RC Panels Using Innovative Sacrificial System Consisting of Hollow Metallic Tubes, Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001726, 36, 4, (2022).
- Nhi H. Vo, Thong M. Pham, Hong Hao, Kaiming Bi, Wensu Chen, Experimental and numerical validation of impact mitigation capability of meta-panels, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2022.107591, 231, (107591), (2022).
- Nhi H. Vo, Thong M. Pham, Hong Hao, Kaiming Bi, Wensu Chen, Ngoc San Ha, Blast resistant enhancement of meta-panels using multiple types of resonators, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2021.106965, 215, (106965), (2022).
- Nhi H. Vo, Thong M. Pham, Hong Hao, Kaiming Bi, Wensu Chen, Impact load mitigation of meta-panels with single local resonator, Engineering Structures, 10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114528, 265, (114528), (2022).