Equivalent Celerity in Water Hammer for Serially Connected Pipelines
Publication: Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 11, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper presents the results of studies of water hammer phenomena in a physical model in combinations of two and three pipelines connected in series. The combined pipelines were made of steel and polypropylene. Pipelines made of one material type were connected in series in different configurations of diameter ratios and lengths of connecting sections. The obtained results were used to verify the value of the equivalent celerity calculated from equations derived using linear analysis of natural vibrations of the system. For verification of the equations, an algorithm in MATLAB was developed that allows one to easily calculate the equivalent celerity, , for pipelines connected in series with varying diameter, length, and material composition. The ability to easily determine the value of the equivalent celerity allows the calculation of the maximum increase of pressure for a given configuration of pipelines, for example, after pipeline modernization or during making decisions on the installation of often expensive equipment to counter the negative effects of water hammer.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Adamkowski, A., S. Henclik, W. Janicki, and M. Lewandowski. 2017. “The influence of pipeline supports stiffness onto the water hammer run.” Eur. J. Mech. B Fluids 61 (Part 2): 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2016.09.010.
Brown, F. T., D. L. Margolis, and R. P. Shah. 1969. “Small amplitude frequency behavior fluid lines with turbulent flow.” J. Basic Eng. 91 (4): 678–693. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3571209.
Henclik, S. 2018. “Numerical modeling of water hammer with fluid-structure interaction in a pipeline with viscoelastic supports.” J. Fluids Struct. 76 (Jan): 469–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2017.10.005.
Janson, L. E. 1995. Plastics pipes for water supply and sewage disposal. Stenungsund, Sweden: Borealis.
Malesińska, A. 2015. “Experimental study of water hammer-induced forces and deformations in dry pipe fire protection systems.” Fire Saf. J. 72 (Feb): 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.02.014.
Malesińska, A., M. Rogulski, P. Puntorieri, G. Barbaro, and B. Kowalska. 2018. “Use of equivalent celerity to estimate maximum pressure increase in serial pipes during water hammer: Numerical simulations in MATLAB.” Int. J. Comput. Methods Exp. Meas. 7 (1): 22–32. https://doi.org/10.2495/CMEM-V7-N1-22-32.
Matos, H., S. Gupta, and A. Shukla. 2018. “Structural instability and water hammer signatures from shock-initiated implosions in confining environments.” Mech. Mater. 116 (Jan): 169–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2016.12.004.
Molinos-Senante, M., M. Mocholí-Arce, and R. Sala-Garrido. 2016. “Estimating the environmental and resource costs of leakage in water distribution systems: A shadow price approach.” Sci. Total Environ. 568 (Oct): 180–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.020.
Pipes, L. A. 1958. Applied mechanics for engineers and physicists. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Rosselló, J. M., R. Urteaga, and F. J. Bonetto. 2018. “A novel water hammer device designed to produce controlled bubble collapses.” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 92 (Apr): 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.11.016.
Sobieski, W., D. Grygo, and S. Lipiński. 2016. “Measurement and analysis of the water hammer in ram pump.” Sādhanā 41 (11): 1333–1347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-016-0560-1.
Traudt, T., C. Bombardieri, and C. Manfletti. 2016. “Influences on water-hammer wave shape: An experimental study.” CEAS Space J. 8 (3): 215–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12567-016-0115-7.
Wylie, E. B., and V. L. Streeter. 1993. Fluid transient in systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Zielke, W., and H. P. Hack. 1972. “Resonance frequencies and associated mode shapes of pressurized piping systems.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on Pressure Surges. Cranfield, UK: British Hydraulic Research Association Fluid Engineering.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
Volume 11 • Issue 1 • February 2020
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 10, 2018
Accepted: Apr 2, 2019
Published online: Sep 19, 2019
Published in print: Feb 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Feb 19, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.