Experimental and Numerical Modeling of a Tide Embankment Section Subjected to Storm Surge in Tacloban City, Philippines
Publication: Natural Hazards Review
Volume 23, Issue 4
Abstract
Following the devastating Typhoon Haiyan, a project initiated by the Philippine government, known as Road Heightening and Tide Embankment (RHTE), was constructed to protect the coastal communities of the Leyte region in the Philippines against future storm surges. This research focuses on this newly built structure, which was investigated for coastal flooding and wave overtopping against extreme waves. Experimental and numerical modeling were conducted to simulate wave-structure interaction under different water level conditions. A scale representative geometry of the tide embankment was set up inside a wave flume containing a scaled beach profile representing areas beyond the No-Build Zone mandated by the government. Dam-break wave flow was used to generate turbulent bores similar to that of a storm surge. For the numerical model, SolidWorks and ANSYS CFX version 17.1 software were used. The multiphase Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was used to track the free surface of the fluid flow and was shown to be an accurate tool for numerical validation, as the maximum wave height distributions in the presence of the structure using both methods were in close agreement with one another, but the numerical results overestimated the wave heights. The final design of the tide embankment with a return wall was modeled using ANSYS CFX. Experimental and numerical models generated wave heights that were higher than Typhoon Haiyan with inundation heights of 6 to 9 m above mean sea level (MSL) approaching the structure while the inland wave height was approximately 2 to 4 m above MSL. Results of the experiment also showed that the presence of the structure reduced the water level by 1 to 5 cm (about 0.3 to 1.5 m in actual scale). Moreover, the presence of a return wall will reduce the inland inundation height between 0.1 and 0.5 m above MSL.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. These include wave height data and actual videos from experimentation and numerical simulation.
Acknowledgments
With the completion of the research, the authors would like to extend their gratitude to the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) of the Philippines for providing the basis of the design of the coastal structure. A part of this work was performed as a portion of the activities at the Institute for Sustainable Future Society, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University. Authors’ contributions: PSNN, LEOG, and MDL were in charge of the writing and overall supervision of the study, NSAL was in charge of the numerical modeling using ANSYS CFX, HI, KI, and JJPV were responsible for the experimental methods conducted in the laboratory, and TS supervise the flow of research at Waseda University. Each author has participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Natural Hazards Review
Volume 23 • Issue 4 • November 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 31, 2021
Accepted: Apr 29, 2022
Published online: Jul 4, 2022
Published in print: Nov 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Dec 4, 2022
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Business management
- Coastal engineering
- Coastal processes
- Coasts, oceans, ports, and waterways engineering
- Developing countries
- Engineering fundamentals
- Floods
- Fluid mechanics
- Hydrologic engineering
- Methodology (by type)
- Models (by type)
- Numerical methods
- Numerical models
- Practice and Profession
- Storm surges
- Tides
- Water and water resources
- Wave generation
- Wave overtopping
- Waves (fluid mechanics)
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