Investigation of the Influence of Aging on the Nanoscale Adhesion of Asphalt from the Perspective of AFM-IR–Based Chemical Properties
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 10
Abstract
Investigation of the adhesion mechanism during the aging process of the asphalt-aggregate interface from a microscopic point of view contributes to the solution of water damage of asphalt pavements. So far, some work has been done to reveal the influence of aging on the adhesion strength of the asphalt from the nanoscale factors. However, due to the lack of direct chemical analysis means to test the chemical composition of asphalt at the nanoscale, the inferences made among different scholars are somewhat controversial. The objective of this study is to reveal the evolution of adhesion characteristics of the asphalt binders during the aging process based on their chemical components. Five asphalt binders at different aging degrees were prepared via laboratory simulated aging procedure. State-of-art technologies, atomic force microscopy–based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and AFM PF-QNM (peak force quantitative nanomechanical mapping) mode, were adopted to analyze the nanoscale adhesion and chemical components of the prepared asphalt. And binder bond strength (BBS) testing was performed to interpret and verify the nanoscale mechanism of asphalt adhesion behavior from macroscale. The results of the AFM test indicated that both sulfoxide and carbonyl functional group content contribute to the adhesion force of the asphalt binders. Compared with the carbonyl group, the sulfoxide content affects the nanoscale adhesion force more significantly. Meanwhile, the results of the BBS test are found in accordance with the AFM trends. Finally, an estimation model was established to roughly estimate the nanoscale adhesion force of asphalt at varying aging conditions based on these two functional groups.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The research is funded by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51978521) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51978483). The sponsorships are gratefully acknowledged.
References
AASHTO. 2007. Standard method of test for determining asphalt binder bond strength by means of the binder bond strength (BBS) test. AASHTO TP 91-15. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Aguiar-Moya, J. P., J. Salazar-Delgado, A. Baldi-Sevilla, F. Leiva-Villacorta, and L. Loria-Salazar. 2015. “Effect of aging on adhesion properties of asphalt mixtures with the use of bitumen bond strength and surface energy measurement tests.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2505 (1): 57–65. https://doi.org/10.3141/2505-08.
ASTM. 2017. Standard test method for pull-off strength of coatings using portable adhesion testers. ASTM D4541. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Chakravarty, H., S. Sinha, and S. Mukherjee. 2020. “Use of atomic force microscopy for evaluation of the adhesion mechanism of bituminous binder modified with nano hydrated lime.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (10): 06020012. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003367.
Cheng, D., D. N. Little, R. L. Lytton, and J. C. Holste. 2002. “Surface energy measurement of asphalt and its application to predicting fatigue and healing in asphalt mixtures.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1810 (1): 44–53. https://doi.org/10.3141/1810-06.
Dazzi, A., and C. B. Prater. 2017. “AFM-IR: Technology and applications in nanoscale infrared spectroscopy and chemical imaging.” Chem. Rev. 117 (7): 5146–5173. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00448.
dos Santos, S., M. N. Partl, and L. D. Poulikakos. 2014. “Newly observed effects of water on the microstructures of bitumen surface.” Constr. Build. Mater. 71 (Nov): 618–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.076.
Fischer, H. R., and A. Cernescu. 2015. “Relation of chemical composition to asphalt microstructure—Details and properties of micro-structures in bitumen as seen by thermal and friction force microscopy and by scanning near-field optical microscopy.” Fuel 153 (Aug): 628–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.03.043.
Gong, M., J. Yang, J. Wei, and W. Zhu. 2015. “Characterization of adhesion and healing at the interface between asphalt binders and aggregate using atomic force microscopy.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2506 (1): 100–106. https://doi.org/10.3141/2506-11.
Guo, M., Y. Tan, and S. Zhou. 2014. “Multiscale test research on interfacial adhesion property of cold mix asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 68 (Oct): 769–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.031.
Han, Y., J. Jiang, F. Ni, Q. Dong, and X. Zhao. 2020. “Effect of cohesive and adhesive parameters on the moisture resistance of thin friction course (TFC) with varying mix design parameters.” Constr. Build. Mater. 258 (Oct): 119420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119420.
Han, Y., Y. Zhao, J. Jiang, F. Ni, and X. Zhao. 2021. “Effects of design parameters and moisture conditions on interface bond strength between thin friction course (TFC) and underlying asphalt pavements.” Constr. Build. Mater. 269 (Feb): 121347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121347.
Handle, F., J. Füssl, S. Neudl, D. Grossegger, L. Eberhardsteiner, B. Hofko, M. Hospodka, R. Blab, and H. Grothe. 2016. “The bitumen microstructure: A fluorescent approach.” Mater. Struct. 49 (1): 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0484-3.
Hefer, A. W., A. Bhasin, and D. N. Little. 2006. “Bitumen surface energy characterization using a contact angle approach.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 18 (6): 759–767. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:6(759).
Hofko, B., L. Eberhardsteiner, J. Füssl, H. Grothe, F. Handle, M. Hospodka, and A. Scarpas. 2016. “Impact of maltene and asphaltene fraction on mechanical behavior and microstructure of bitumen.” Mater. Struct. 49 (3): 829–841. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0541-6.
Hofko, B., F. Handle, L. Eberhardsteiner, M. Hospodka, R. Blab, J. Füssl, and H. Grothe. 2015. “Alternative approach toward the aging of asphalt binder.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2505 (1): 24–31. https://doi.org/10.3141/2505-04.
Hu, J., and Z. Qian. 2018. “The prediction of adhesive failure between aggregates and asphalt mastic based on aggregate features.” Constr. Build. Mater. 183 (Sep): 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.145.
Huang, W., Q. Lv, and F. Xiao. 2016. “Investigation of using binder bond strength test to evaluate adhesion and self-healing properties of modified asphalt binders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 113 (Jun): 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.047.
Hung, A., and E. H. Fini. 2020. “Surface morphology and chemical mapping of UV-aged thin films of bitumen.” ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 8 (31): 11764–11771. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03877.
Ji, X., E. Sun, H. Zou, Y. Hou, and B. Chen. 2020. “Study on the multiscale adhesive properties between asphalt and aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 249 (Jul): 118693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118693.
Kanitpong, K., and H. U. Bahia. 2003. “Role of adhesion and thin film tackiness of asphalt binders in moisture damage of HMA (with discussion).” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 72 (3): 502–528.
Koyun, A. N., J. Zakel, S. Kayser, H. Stadler, F. N. Keutsch, and H. Grothe. 2021. “High resolution nanoscale chemical analysis of bitumen surface microstructures.” Sci. Rep. 11 (1): 13554.
Liu, L., M. Li, and Q. Lu. 2020a. “Two-step mixing process elaboration of the hot-mix asphalt mixture based on surface energy theory.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (10): 04020301. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003400.
Liu, W., H. Li, H. Zhu, and P. Xu. 2020b. “The interfacial adhesion performance and mechanism of a modified asphalt–steel slag aggregate.” Materials (Basel) 13 (5): 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13051180.
Ma, W., T. Huang, S. Guo, C. Yang, Y. Ding, and C. Hu. 2019. “Atomic force microscope study of the aging/rejuvenating effect on asphalt morphology and adhesion performance.” Constr. Build. Mater. 205 (Apr): 642–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.151.
Mirwald, J., B. Hofko, and H. Grothe. 2021. “Utilising fluorescence spectroscopy and optical microscopy to investigate bitumen long-term ageing.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 22 (1): 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2020.1856170.
Mirwald, J., D. Maschauer, B. Hofko, and H. Grothe. 2020a. “Impact of reactive oxygen species on bitumen aging—The Viennese binder aging method.” Constr. Build. Mater. 257 (Oct): 119495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119495.
Mirwald, J., S. Werkovits, I. Camargo, D. Maschauer, B. Hofko, and H. Grothe. 2020b. “Understanding bitumen ageing by investigation of its polarity fractions.” Constr. Build. Mater. 250 (Jul): 118809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118809.
Nahar, S. N. 2016. Phase-separation characteristics of bitumen and their relation to damage-healing. Doctoral thesis, Dept. of Structural Engineering, TU Delft. https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:670c70ff-f9f0-4cdb-aa4d-b661e7117354.
Nahar, S. N., A. J. M. Schmets, G. Schitter, and A. Scarpas. 2014. “Quantitative nano-mechanical property mapping of bitumen micro-phases by peak-force atomic force microscopy.” In Proc., 12th ISAP Conf. Lino Lakes, MN: International Society for Asphalt Pavements.
Nivedya, M. K., T. G. Trottier, X. Yu, M. Tao, N. A. Burnham, and R. B. Mallick. 2019. “Microstructural evolution of asphalt binder under combined action of moisture and pressure.” J. Transp. Eng. Part B: Pavements 145 (2): 06019001. https://doi.org/10.1061/JPEODX.0000104.
Pang, L., X. Zhang, S. Wu, Y. Ye, and Y. Li. 2018. “Influence of water solute exposure on the chemical evolution and rheological properties of asphalt.” Materials (Basel) 11 (6): 983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11060983.
Rosyidi, S. A. P., S. Rahmad, N. I. M. Yusoff, A. H. Shahrir, A. N. H. Ibrahim, N. F. N. Ismail, and K. H. Badri. 2020. “Investigation of the chemical, strength, adhesion and morphological properties of fly ash based geopolymer-modified bitumen.” Constr. Build. Mater. 255 (3): 119364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119364.
Wang, M., and L. Liu. 2017. “Investigation of microscale aging behavior of asphalt binders using atomic force microscopy.” Constr. Build. Mater. 135 (Mar): 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.180.
Xiao, Q., P. Hao, O. Xu, H. Wang, and X. Feng. 2007. “New method for evaluating adhesion between asphalt and aggregate.” J. Chang’an Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 1,27 (117): 19–22.
Xing, C., L. Liu, Y. Cui, and D. Ding. 2020a. “Analysis of base bitumen chemical composition and aging behaviors via atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy.” Fuel 264 (Mar): 116845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116845.
Xing, C., L. Liu, and M. Li. 2020b. “Chemical composition and aging characteristics of linear SBS modified asphalt binders.” Energy Fuels 34 (4): 4194–4200. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b04523.
Xing, C., L. Liu, and M. Wang. 2019. “A new preparation method and imaging parameters of asphalt binder samples for atomic force microscopy.” Constr. Build. Mater. 205 (Mar): 622–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.027.
Xu, J., L. Sun, J. Pei, B. Xue, T. Liu, and R. Li. 2021. “Microstructural, chemical and rheological evaluation on oxidative aging effect of SBS polymer modified asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 267 (Jan): 121028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121028.
Xu, M., J. Yi, D. Feng, Y. Huang, and D. Wang. 2016. “Analysis of adhesive characteristics of asphalt based on atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulation.” ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 (19): 12393–12403. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b01598.
Yang, H., L. Pang, Y. Zou, Q. Liu, and J. Xie. 2020. “The effect of water solution erosion on rheological, cohesion and adhesion properties of asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 246 (Jun): 118465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118465.
Yao, Z., H. Zhu, M. Gong, J. Yang, G. Xu, and Y. Zhong. 2017. “Characterization of asphalt materials’ moisture susceptibility using multiple methods.” Constr. Build. Mater. 155 (Nov): 286–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.032.
Yuan, Y., X. Zhu, and L. Chen. 2020. “Relationship among cohesion, adhesion, and bond strength: From multi-scale investigation of asphalt-based composites subjected to laboratory-simulated aging.” Mater. Des. 185 (Jan): 108272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108272.
Zhang, F., Y. Muhammad, Y. Liu, M. Han, Y. Yin, D. Hou, and J. Li. 2018. “Measurement of water resistance of asphalt based on surface free energy analysis using stripping work between asphalt-aggregate system.” Constr. Build. Mater. 176 (Jul): 422–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.055.
Zhu, J., K. Zhang, K. Liu, and X. Shi. 2020. “Adhesion characteristics of graphene oxide modified asphalt unveiled by surface free energy and AFM-scanned micro-morphology.” Constr. Build. Mater. 244 (May): 118404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118404.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34 • Issue 10 • October 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 1, 2021
Accepted: Jan 14, 2022
Published online: Jul 18, 2022
Published in print: Oct 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Dec 18, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Peng Yin, Baofeng Pan, Zihan Li, Bozong Jiao, Yue Liu, Multiscale Analysis of the Function Mechanism of Aging Action on the Adhesion Properties between Asphalt and Aggregate, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 10.1061/JMCEE7.MTENG-18206, 36, 9, (2024).
- Enyong Sun, Yanqing Zhao, Guozhong Wang, Chloride Salt Erosion of Asphalt Based on Adhesion, Surface Characteristics, and Microsurface Energy, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 10.1061/JMCEE7.MTENG-18186, 36, 9, (2024).