Dynamic Properties of Silt-Based Foamed Concrete as Filler in Subgrade
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 34, Issue 10
Abstract
To investigate the dynamic response of silt-based foamed concrete as filler in subgrade, this paper conducted staged cyclic loading experiments to examine its dynamic properties. Influence factors such as wet density and silt content were also addressed in experiments. The results of tests indicated that the hysteretic curves of silt-based foamed concrete presented obvious elastoplastic characteristics, and the dynamic stress–cumulative strain curves have a strain-hardening phenomenon. Dynamic strength increased a mean level of 65% when density increased by an average of at the range of density . Meanwhile, the dynamic strength decreased by an average of 14.2% if silt content increased by a mean of 10%. Furthermore, the addition of silt transformed the pore structures from uniformly distributed sphericity into irregular combined bubbles with larger diameters. Besides, during the staged cyclic loading process, it was deduced that dynamic elastic modulus of material has a variation with cycles, but can be basically assumed constant in tests. Thus, the dynamic stress–cumulative strain curves of silt-based foamed concrete subjected to staged cyclic loads were derived based on the Ramberg-Osgood equation. The parameters of the Ramberg-Osgood equation were also analyzed according to the test data. Finally, the damage variable expressions versus plastic strain and cyclic numbers were established respectively. It was found that density and silt content can significantly affect damage evolution.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge Shandong Express Co., Ltd. of China for the financial support of this project.
References
Ahmad Zaidi, A., and Q. Li. 2009. “Investigation on penetration resistance of foamed concrete.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. 162 (1): 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1680/stbu.2009.162.1.77.
Amran, Y. M., N. Farzadnia, and A. A. Ali. 2015. “Properties and applications of foamed concrete; a review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 101 (Dec): 990–1005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.112.
Basan, R., M. Franulović, I. Prebil, and R. Kunc. 2017. “Study on Ramberg-Osgood and Chaboche models for 42CrMo4 steel and some approximations.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 136 (Sep): 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.05.010.
Cai, D.-G., S.-W. Wei, Y.-S. Ye, Q.-L. Zhang, Z.-G. Li, and S. Li. 2021. “Mechanical properties of lightweight foam concrete filler for roadbed of high-speed railway.” Arabian J. Geosci. 14 (10): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07115-1.
Chen, Z., W. Jianbin, L. Jifu, and Z. Wenhui. 2019. “Experimental study on dynamic engineering characteristics of foamed concrete.” [In Chinese.] Highway 64 (2): 77–80.
Chinese Standard. 2008. Test methods of autoclaved aerated concrete. GB/T 11969-2008. Beijing: Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Chinese Standard. 2015. Specifications for design of highway subgrades. JTG D30-2015. Beijing: Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Chinese Standard. 2019. Standard for geotechnical testing method. GB/T 50123-2019. Beijing: Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Cong, M., and C. Bing. 2015. “Properties of a foamed concrete with soil as filler.” Constr. Build. Mater. 76 (Feb): 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.066.
De Bellis, M. L., G. Della Vecchia, M. Ortiz, and A. Pandolfi. 2016. “A linearized porous brittle damage material model with distributed frictional-cohesive faults.” Eng. Geol. 215 (Dec): 10–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.10.010.
Feng, S., Y. Zhou, Y. Wang, and M. Lei. 2020. “Experimental research on the dynamic mechanical properties and damage characteristics of lightweight foamed concrete under impact loading.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 140 (Jun): 103558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2020.103558.
Huang, J., Q. Su, W. Zhao, and T. Li, and T. Zhang. 2017. “Experimental study on use of lightweight foam concrete as subgrade bed filler of ballastless track.” Constr. Build. Mater. 149: 911–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.122.
Hussaini, S., B. Indraratna, and J. S. Vinod. 2015. “Performance assessment of geogrid-reinforced railroad ballast during cyclic loading.” Transp. Geotech. 2 (Mar): 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2014.11.002.
James, L. A. 1995. “Ramberg-Osgood strain-hardening characterization of an ASTM A302-B steel.” J. Pressure Vessel Technol. 117 (4): 341–345. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2842133.
Jhatial, A. A., W. I. Goh, N. Mohamad, T. A. Rind, and A. R. Sandhu. 2020. “Development of thermal insulating lightweight foamed concrete reinforced with polypropylene fibres.” Arabian J. Sci. Eng. 45 (5): 4067–4076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04382-0.
Jones, M. R., and L. Zheng. 2013. “Energy absorption of foamed concrete from low-velocity impacts.” Mag. Concr. Res. 65 (4): 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.12.00054.
Kearsley, E., and M. Visagie. 2002. “Properties of foamed concrete as influenced by air-void parameters.” Concr. Beton 101: 8–14.
Kim, T.-H., T.-H. Kim, and G.-C. Kang. 2013. “Performance evaluation of road embankment constructed using lightweight soils on an unimproved soft soil layer.” Eng. Geol. 160 (Jun): 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.03.024.
Lemaitre, J. 1987. “Formulation and identification of damage kinetic constitutive equations.” In Continuum damage mechanics theory and application. Vienna, Austria: Springer.
Li, S., J. Xu, Y. Tao, X. Tang, and H. Yang. 2009. “Low cycle fatigue damage model and damage variable expression of rock.” [In Chinese.] Rock Soil Mech. 30 (6): 1611–1614.
Lim, S. K., C. S. Tan, B. Li, T.-C. Ling, M. U. Hossain, and C. S. Poon. 2017. “Utilizing high volumes quarry wastes in the production of lightweight foamed concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 151 (Oct): 441–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.091.
Liu, X., Y. Tan, J. Ning, Y. Lu, and Q. Gu. 2018. “Mechanical properties and damage constitutive model of coal in coal-rock combined body.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 110 (Oct): 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.07.020.
Makul, N., and G. Sua-iam. 2016. “Characteristics and utilization of sugarcane filter cake waste in the production of lightweight foamed concrete.” J. Cleaner Prod. 126 (Jul): 118–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.111.
Medher, A. H., A. I. Al-Hadithi, and N. Hilal. 2021. “The possibility of producing self-compacting lightweight concrete by using expanded polystyrene beads as coarse aggregate.” Arabian J. Sci. Eng. 46 (5): 4253–4270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04886-9.
Nambiar, E. K. K., and K. Ramamurthy. 2007. “Air-void characterisation of foam concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 37 (2): 221–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.10.009.
Nian, W., K. V. Subramaniam, and Y. Andreopoulos. 2016. “Experimental investigation on blast response of cellular concrete.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 96 (Oct): 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2016.05.021.
Pan, H., and H. Qiu. 2006. “Fatigue model of concrete based on continuum damage mechanics.” [In Chinese.] J. Southeast Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. 36 (4): 605–608.
Qiu, Y., P. Yang, Y. Li, and L. Zhang. 2017. “Experimental study on fatigue performance of foamed lightweight soil.” IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 274 (1): 012068. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/274/1/012068.
Sayadi, A. A., J. V. Tapia, T. R. Neitzert, and G. C. Clifton. 2016. “Effects of expanded polystyrene (EPS) particles on fire resistance, thermal conductivity and compressive strength of foamed concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 112 (Jun): 716–724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.218.
Shi, X., J. Huang, and Q. Su. 2020. “Experimental and numerical analyses of lightweight foamed concrete as filler for widening embankment.” Constr. Build. Mater. 250 (Jul): 118897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118897.
Steyn, W. J., S. Lombard, and E. Horak. 2016. “Foamed concrete-based material as a soft ground arresting system for runways and airfields.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 30 (1): C4014006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000692.
Su, B. 2017. “Mechanical properties and elastoplastic damage constitutive model for foamed concrete.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Tai Yuan Univ. of Technology.
Su, B., Z. Zhou, Z. Li, Z. Wang, and X. Shu. 2019. “Experimental investigation on the mechanical behavior of foamed concrete under uniaxial and triaxial loading.” Constr. Build. Mater. 209 (Jun): 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.097.
Szusta, J., and A. Seweryn. 2010. “Low-cycle fatigue model of damage accumulation—The strain approach.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 77 (10): 1604–1616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.04.014.
Tan, X., W. Chen, H. Liu, and A. H. C. Chan. 2018. “Stress-strain characteristics of foamed concrete subjected to large deformation under uniaxial and triaxial compressive loading.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (6): 04018095. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002311.
Tiwari, B., B. Ajmera, R. Maw, R. Cole, D. Villegas, and P. Palmerson. 2017. “Mechanical properties of lightweight cellular concrete for geotechnical applications.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (7): 06017007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001885.
Wang, L., Y. Yin, B. Huang, and Z. Dai. 2020. “Damage evolution and stability analysis of the Jianchuandong dangerous rock mass in the three gorges reservoir area.” Eng. Geol. 265 (Feb): 105439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105439.
Xiao, J. Q., D. X. Ding, F. L. Jiang, and G. Xu. 2010. “Fatigue damage variable and evolution of rock subjected to cyclic loading.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 47 (3): 461–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.11.003.
Xu, J. B., Y. Z. Wang, Y. Qi, B. H. Cao, Y. Z. Luo, C. G. Yan, X. H. Yang, H. Bao, and Y. Z. Xiang. 2022. “Deformation characteristics of fiber-reinforced foam lightweight soil under cyclic loading and unloading.” [In Chinese.] J. Zhejiang Univ. Eng. Sci. 56 (1): 111–117.
Xu, Z., Z. Chen, and S. Yang. 2018. “Effect of a new type of high-strength lightweight foamed concrete on seismic performance of cold-formed steel shear walls.” Constr. Build. Mater. 181 (Aug): 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.067.
Yan, C., H. Wang, X. Xu, and Y. Zhang. 2021. “Identifying fatigue damage of mudded intercalations based on dynamic triaxial test.” Eng. Geol. 280 (Jan): 105933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105933.
Yang, G., F. Wu, J. Dong, and S. Qi. 2012. “Study of dynamic response characters and failure mechanism of rock slope under earthquake.” [In Chinese.] Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 31 (4): 696–702.
Yang, K.-H., K.-H. Lee, J.-K. Song, and M.-H. Gong. 2014. “Properties and sustainability of alkali-activated slag foamed concrete.” J. Cleaner Prod. 68 (Apr): 226–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.068.
Zhang, H., M. Liu, Z. Shuo, Z. Zhao, Y. Sun, X. Song, H. Wang, X. Zhang, and J. Wu. 2021. “An experimental investigation of the triaxial shear behaviors of silt-based foamed concrete.” Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 15 (Dec): e00713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00713.
Zhang, H., X. Qi, C. Ma, J. Wu, Y. Bi, R. Sun, J. Yu, D. Xie, and J. Song. 2020a. “Effect analysis of soil type and silt content on silt-based foamed concrete with different density.” Materials (Basel) 13 (17): 3866. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173866.
Zhang, H., X. Qi, L. Wan, Z. Zuo, Z. Ge, J. Wu, and X. Song. 2020b. “Properties of silt-based foamed concrete: A type of material for use in backfill behind an abutment.” Constr. Build. Mater. 261 (Nov): 119966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119966.
Zhao, X. H., H. Sun, and K. W. Lo. 2002. “An elastoplastic damage model of soil.” Géotechnique 52 (7): 533–536. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2002.52.7.533.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 16, 2021
Accepted: Jan 26, 2022
Published online: Jul 18, 2022
Published in print: Oct 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Dec 18, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Hongbo Zhang, Jun Wang, Chuan Wang, Mingpeng Liu, Jianqing Wu, Using Foamed Concrete Layer to Optimize the Design of Pavement and Subgrade Structures: from the Perspectives Economy and Durability, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 10.1007/s13369-023-07606-1, (2023).
- Mingpeng Liu, Zhikun Liu, Kai Wang, Chuanyi Ma, Hongbo Zhang, Peizhi Zhuang, Strength and deformation performances of silt-based foamed concrete under triaxial shear loading, Journal of Building Engineering, 10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105237, 60, (105237), (2022).
- Mingpeng Liu, Jun Wang, Chuan Wang, Zhikun Liu, Hongbo Zhang, Fangding He, Stress-Solid Materials-Voids interaction of foamed concrete in isotropic compression, Construction and Building Materials, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129468, 358, (129468), (2022).
- Shuo Zhang, Mingpeng Liu, Chuan Wang, Hongbo Zhang, Jianqing Wu, Compression, Unloading-reloading, and tension mechanical behaviors of Silt-based foamed concrete under uniaxial loading, Construction and Building Materials, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128558, 347, (128558), (2022).