Experimental Study of Polyurethane Grout Diffusion in a Water-Bearing Fracture
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 3
Abstract
Polyurethane grouting can be used for antiseepage and reinforcement in underground construction. Understanding the diffusion characteristics of polyurethane grout is critical for good grouting design. However, the influence of water pressure on the diffusion of polyurethane grout is not clear. The aim of this work is to experimentally investigate the diffusion behavior of polyurethane grout in a water-bearing fracture. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted using a self-designed visual fracture grouting device under different conditions. The influences of grouting quantity and water pressure on grout diffusion distance and flow field are discussed. The results show that grout expansive diffusion and the pressure field change of the grout–water system have a phased characteristic. Also, the change of grout pressure is not synchronized with grout diffusion distance. The grout diffusion radius increases with the increase of grouting quantity, but decreases with the increase of hydrostatic pressure. The study helped gain insight into the performance of polyurethane grouting in fracture under static water condition.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely appreciate anonymous reviews and the Editor for their time and critical comments on this paper. This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (Grant Nos. 2016YFC0802207, and 2018YFB1600200), the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province (Grant No. 19HASTIT041), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51908514, 51878624, and 51878622), Key Research Projects of Higher Education in Henan Province (Grant No. 18A580001), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (Grant No. 182300410116), the Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) at the University of Henan Province (Grant No. 18IRTSTHN007), the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project in Henan (Grant No. 181100310400), and the Postdoctoral Research Sponsorship in Henan Province (Grant No. 19030026).
References
Alehossein, H. 2009. “Viscous, cohesive, non-newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow.” Int. J. Miner. Process. 93 (1): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2009.04.006.
Arndt, B., M. DeMarco, and R. Andrew. 2008. Polyurethane resin (PUR) injection for rock mass stabilization. Lakewood, CO: US Federal Highway Administration, Central Federal Lands Highway.
Buzzi, O., S. Fityus, Y. Sasaki, and S. Sloan. 2008. “Structure and properties of expanding polyurethane foam in the context of foundation remediation in expansive soil.” Mech. Mater. 40 (12): 1012–1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2008.07.002.
Develi, K., and T. Babadagli. 2015. “Experimental and visual analysis of single-phase flow through rough fracture replicas.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 73 (Jan): 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.11.002.
El Tani, M., and H. Stille. 2017. “Grout spread and injection period of silica solution and cement mix in rock fractures.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 50 (9): 2365–2380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1237-8.
Eriksson, M., H. Stille, and J. Andersson. 2000. “Numerical calculations for prediction of grout spread with account for filtration and varying aperture.” Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 15 (4): 353–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(01)00004-9.
Funehag, J., and J. Thörn. 2018. “Radial penetration of cementitious grout—Laboratory verification of grout spread in a fracture model.” Tunnell. Undergr. Space Technol. 72 (Feb): 228–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.11.020.
Guo, C. C. 2012. “Study on non-water reacted polymer curtain grouting for seepage control of dykes and dams.” [In Chinese.] Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian Univ. of Technology.
Gustafson, G., and H. Stille. 1996. “Prediction of groutability from grout properties and hydrogeological data.” Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 11 (3): 325–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/0886-7798(96)00027-2.
Han, C. H., et al. 2020. “Experimental investigation of the fracture grouting efficiency with consideration of the viscosity variation under dynamic pressure conditions.” Carbonates Evaporites 35 (2): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-020-00568-7.
Hao, M., X. Li, Y. Zhong, B. Zhang, D. Jin, and G. Chen. 2018. “Numerical simulation of polymer grout diffusion in a single fracture.” AIP Adv. 8 (10): 105329. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5052372.
Hässler, L., H. Stille, and U. Håkansson. 1987. “Simulation of grouting in jointed rock.” In Proc., 6th Int. Congress on Rock Mechanics (ISRM). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Lee, H. B., T.-M. Oh, E.-S. Park, J.-W. Lee, and H.-M. Kim. 2017. “Factors affecting waterproof efficiency of grouting in single rock fracture.” Geomech. Eng. 12 (5): 771–783. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.5.771.
Li, B., L. Zou, R. Liu, and V. Cvetkovic. 2020. “Influence of surface roughness on fluid flow and solute transport through 3D crossed rock fractures.” J. Hydrol. 582 (Mar): 124284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124284.
Li, S., R. Liu, Q. Zhang, and X. Zhang. 2016. “Protection against water or mud inrush in tunnels by grouting: A review.” J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. 8 (5): 753–766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.05.002.
Lisa, H., B. Christian, F. Asa, G. Gunnar, and F. Johan. 2012. “A hard rock tunnel case study: Characterization of the water-bearing fracture system for tunnel grouting.” Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 30 (Jul): 132–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2012.02.014.
Liu, R. T. 2012. “Study on diffusion and plugging mechanism of quick setting cement based slurry in underground dynamic water grouting and its application.” [In Chinese.] Ph.D. thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Univ.
Mohammed, M. H., R. Pusch, and S. Knutsson. 2015. “Study of cement-grout penetration into fractures under static and oscillatory conditions.” Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 45 (Jan): 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.08.003.
Naudts, A. 2003. “Irreversible changes in the grouting industry caused by polyurethane grouting: An overview of 30 years of polyurethane grouting.” In Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Grouting and Ground Treatment, 1266–1280. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Saeidi, O., H. Stille, and S. R. Torabi. 2013. “Numerical and analytical analyses of the effects of different joint and grout properties on the rock mass groutability.” Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 38 (Sep): 11–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.05.005.
Sha, F., C. J. Lin, Z. F. Li, and R. T. Liu. 2019. “Reinforcement simulation of water-rich and broken rock with Portland cement-based grout.” Constr. Build. Mater. 221 (Oct): 292–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.094.
Shi, M. S. 2011. “Research on polymer grouting material properties and directional fracturing grouting mechanism for dykes and dams.” [In Chinese.] Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian Univ. of Technology.
Sui, W., J. Liu, W. Hu, J. Qi, and K. Zhan. 2015. “Experimental investigation on sealing efficiency of chemical grouting in rock fracture with flowing water.” Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 50 (Aug): 239–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.07.012.
Sun, Z., S. Li, R. Liu, Q. Zhang, L. Zhang, and Z. Zheng. 2014. “Fracture defusing mechanism and pressure characteristic tests of rapid setting cement-based grouts.” [In Chinese.] Rock Soil Mech. 35 (Aug): 2219–2225.
Wallner, M. 1976. “Propagation of sedimentation stable cement pastes in jointed rock.” In Rock mechanics and waterways construction. Aachen, Germany: Univ. of Aachen.
Yang, P., T. Li, L. Song, T. Deng, and S. Xue. 2016. “Effect of different factors on propagation of carbon fiber composite cement grout in a fracture with flowing water.” Constr. Build. Mater. 121 (Sep): 501–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.036.
Yuan, J. Q., W. Z. Chen, X. J. Tan, D. S. Yang, and Q. Y. Zhang. 2020. “New method to evaluate antiwashout performance of grout for preventing water-inrush disasters.” Int. J. Geomech. 20 (2): 06019021. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001587.
Zhang, W., S. Li, J. Wei, Q. Zhang, R. Liu, X. Zhang, and H. Yin. 2018. “Grouting rock fractures with cement and sodium silicate grout.” Carbonates Evaporites 33 (2): 211–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-016-0332-3.
Zheng, Z., R. Liu, S. Li, and H. Yang. 2020. “Control of ground uplift based on flow-field regularity during grouting in fracture with flowing groundwater.” Int. J. Geomech. 20 (3): 04020014. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001610.
Zou, L., U. Håkansson, and V. Cvetkovic. 2019. “Cement grout propagation in two-dimensional fracture networks: Impact of structure and hydraulic variability.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 115 (Mar): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2019.01.004.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 18, 2019
Accepted: Aug 7, 2020
Published online: Dec 21, 2020
Published in print: Mar 1, 2021
Discussion open until: May 21, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.