Asphalt Binder Linear Amplitude Sweep Test: Contribution Related to the -Value Estimation
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper calls attention to important issues that have not been considered regarding linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test in previous publications: Is the relationship between the storage modulus logarithm [] and frequency logarithm [] linear in the whole range of experimental frequencies? If not, what is the influence on the fatigue life of asphalt binders calculated using the AASHTO protocol? In which range of frequencies is the relation between the storage modulus logarithm [] and frequency logarithm [] linear in the whole range of experimental frequencies? Does fatigue life follow a normal distribution? Several tests were conducted using three different types of asphalt binder [neat, crumb rubber–modified (CRM), and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)–modified asphalt]. Residual analysis showed a lack of fit, indicating the inadequacy of the linear model in the whole range of experimental frequencies. This inadequacy may suggest that the protocol produces an overestimation of the binder fatigue life. In addition, a sequential search reveals that the relationship between and is linear in a limited subset of frequencies. The empirical distribution of the fatigue life is built by an extensive Monte Carlo simulation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for their financial support.
References
AASHTO. 2014. Standard method of test for estimating fatigue resistance of asphalt binders using the linear amplitude sweep. AASHTO TP 101. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Ameri, M., D. Mirzaiyan, and A. Amini. 2018. “Rutting resistance and fatigue behavior of gilsonite-modified asphalt binders.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (11): 04018292. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002468.
Ameri, M., S. Nowbakht, M. Molayem, and M. H. Mirabimoghaddam. 2016. “A study on fatigue modeling of hot mix asphalt mixtures based on the viscoelastic continuum damage properties of asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 106 (Mar): 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.066.
Anderson, D. A., Y. M. Le Hir, M. O. Marasteanu, J. Planche, D. Martin, and G. Gauthier. 2001. “Evaluation of fatigue criteria for asphalt binders.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1766 (1): 48–56. https://doi.org/10.3141/1766-07.
ASTM. 2012. Standard test method for effect of heat and air on a moving film of asphalt (rolling thin-film oven test). ASTM D2872. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Canestrari, F., A. Virgili, A. Graziani, and A. Stimilli. 2015. “Modeling and assessment of self-healing and thixotropy properties for modified binders.” Int. J. Fatigue 70 (Jan): 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.08.004.
Cao, W., L. N. Mohammad, and P. Barghabany. 2018. “Use of viscoelastic continuum damage theory to correlate fatigue resistance of asphalt binders and mixtures.” Int. J. Geomech. 18 (11): 04018151. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001306.
Cao, W., and C. Wang. 2018. “A new comprehensive analysis framework for fatigue characterization of asphalt binder using the linear amplitude sweep test.” Constr. Build. Mater. 171 (May): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.125.
De Sá, J. P. M. 2007. Applied statistics using SPSS, STATISTICA, MATLAB and R. New York: Springer.
Draper, N. R., and H. Smith. 1998. Applied regression analysis. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley.
Hintz, C. 2012. “Understanding mechanisms leading to asphalt binder fatigue.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison.
Hintz, C., and H. Bahia. 2013a. “Simplification of linear amplitude sweep test and specification parameter.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2370 (1): 10–16. https://doi.org/10.3141/2370-02.
Hintz, C., and H. Bahia. 2013b. “Understanding mechanisms leading to asphalt binder fatigue in the dynamic shear rheometer.” Supplement, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 14 (S2): 231–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2013.818818.
Hintz, C., R. Velasquez, C. Johnson, and H. Bahia. 2011. “Modification and validation of linear amplitude sweep test for binder fatigue specification.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2207 (1): 99–106. https://doi.org/10.3141/2207-13.
Hung, S. S., F. Farshidi, D. Jones, and J. T. Harvey. 2015. “Comparison of concentric cylinder and parallel plate geometries for asphalt binder testing with a dynamic shear rheometer.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2505 (1): 108–114. https://doi.org/10.3141/2505-14.
Jamrah, A. A., and M. E. Kutay. 2020. “Comparison of linear viscoelastic properties of crumb rubber–modified binders measured using parallel-plate and concentric cylinder geometries with asphalt mixture dynamic modulus.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (2): 04019352. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003007.
JCGM (Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology). 2008. Evaluation of measurement data—Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. JCGM 100. Paris: JCGM.
JCGM (Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology). 2012. International vocabulary of metrology—Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM). JCGM 200. Paris: JCGM.
Johnson, C. M. 2010. “Estimating asphalt binder fatigue resistance using an accelerated test method.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison.
Kuchiishi, A. K., J. P. B. Carvalho, I. S. Bessa, K. L. Vasconcelos, and L. L. B. Bernucci. 2019. “Effect of temperature on the fatigue behavior of asphalt binder.” Appl. Rheol. 29 (1): 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1515/arh-2019-0004.
Mannan, U. A., M. R. Islam, and R. A. Tarefder. 2015. “Effects of recycled asphalt pavements on the fatigue life of asphalt under different strain levels and loading frequencies.” Int. J. Fatigue 78 (Sep): 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.04.004.
Martins, A. T. 2013. “Contribuição para a Validação do Ensaio de Resistência ao Dano por Fadiga para Ligantes Asfálticos [Contribution for fatigue damage resistance test validation of asphalt binder].” [In Portuguese.] Master’s thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
Micaelo, R., A. Pereira, L. Quaresma, and M. T. Cidade. 2015. “Fatigue resistance of asphalt binders: Assessment of the analysis methods in strain-controlled tests.” Constr. Build. Mater. 98 (Nov): 703–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.070.
Nuñez, J. Y. M., E. D. Leonel, and A. L. Faxina. 2016. “Fatigue characteristics of modified asphalt binders using fracture mechanics.” Eng. Fract. Mech. 154 (Mar): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2016.01.001.
Pérez-Jiménez, F. E., R. Botella, and R. Miró. 2012. “Differentiating between damage and thixotropy in asphalt binder’s fatigue tests.” Constr. Build. Mater. 31 (Jun): 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.098.
Polacco, G., S. Filippi, F. Merusi, and G. Stastna. 2015. “A review of the fundamentals of polymer-modified asphalts: Asphalt/polymer interactions and principles of compatibility.” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 224 (Oct): 72–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2015.07.010.
Rawlings, J. O., S. G. Pantula, and D. A. Dickey. 1998. Applied regression analysis: A research tool. 2nd ed. New York: Springer.
Rodríguez-Fernández, I., F. T. Baheri, M. C. Cavalli, L. D. Poulikakos, and M. Bueno. 2020. “Microstructure analysis and mechanical performance of crumb rubber modified asphalt concrete using the dry process.” Constr. Build. Mater. 259 (Oct): 119662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119662.
Sabouri, M., D. Mirzaiyan, and A. Moniri. 2018. “Effectiveness of linear amplitude sweep (LAS) asphalt binder test in predicting asphalt mixtures fatigue performance.” Constr. Build. Mater. 171 (May): 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.146.
Safaei, F., and C. Castorena. 2016. “Temperature effects of linear amplitude sweep testing and analysis.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2574 (1): 92–100. https://doi.org/10.3141/2574-10.
Safaei, F., and C. Castorena. 2017. “Material nonlinearity in asphalt binder fatigue testing and analysis.” Mater. Des. 133 (Nov): 376–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.08.010.
Safaei, F., and C. Castorena. 2018. “Improved interpretation of asphalt binder parallel plate dynamic shear rheometer fatigue tests.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 21 (1): 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2018.1438611.
Safaei, F., J. Lee, L. A. H. Nascimento, C. Hintz, and Y. R. Kim. 2014. “Implications of warm-mix asphalt on long-term oxidative ageing and fatigue performance of asphalt binders and mixtures.” Supplement, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 15 (S1): 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2014.927050.
Santagata, E., O. Baglieri, L. Tsantilis, and D. Dalmazzo. 2013. “Evaluation of self-healing properties of bituminous binders taking into account steric hardening effects.” Constr. Build. Mater. 41 (Apr): 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.118.
Sengoz, B., and G. Isikyakar. 2008. “Evaluation of the properties and microstructure of SBS and EVA polymer modified bitumen.” Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (9): 1897–1905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.07.013.
Teymourpour, P., A. J. Hanz, T. Mandal, H. U. Bahia, and S. J. Rizzutto. 2016. “Effect of parallel plate gap height on repeatability in DSR measurements of crumb-rubber modified binders.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (8): 04016047. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001542.
Thieves, L. P., J. C. Pais, P. A. A. Pereira, G. Trichês, and S. R. Amorim. 2013. “Assessment of the digestion time of asphalt rubber binder based on microscopy analysis.” Constr. Build. Mater. 47 (Oct): 431–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.087.
Underwood, B. S. 2016. “A continuum damage model for asphalt cement and asphalt mastic fatigue.” Int. J. Fatigue 82 (Part 3): 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.08.020.
Wang, C., C. Castorena, J. Zhang, and Y. R. Kim. 2015. “Unified failure criterion for asphalt binder under cyclic fatigue loading.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 16 (S2): 125–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2015.1077010.
Wang, C., H. Wang, L. Zhao, and D. Cao. 2017a. “Experimental study on rheological characteristics and performance of high modulus asphalt binder with different modifiers.” Constr. Build. Mater. 155 (Nov): 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.058.
Wang, T., F. Xiao, S. Amirkhanian, W. Huang, and M. Zheng. 2017b. “A review on low temperature performances of rubberized asphalt materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 145 (Aug): 483–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.031.
Zhang, D., Z. Chen, H. Zhang, and C. Wei. 2018. “Rheological and anti-aging performance of SBS modified asphalt binders with different multi-dimensional nanomaterials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 188 (Nov): 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.136.
Zhu, J., X. Lu, and N. Kringos. 2016. “Experimental investigation on storage stability and phase separation behaviour of polymer-modified bitumen.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 19 (9): 832–841. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2016.1211870.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 33 • Issue 2 • February 2021
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 14, 2020
Accepted: Jul 20, 2020
Published online: Nov 28, 2020
Published in print: Feb 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Apr 28, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.