Role of Chloride Ion and Cation Type Accompanied by Sulfate Ion on Durability Performance of Concrete in Conjoint Chloride–Sulfate Environment
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 9
Abstract
This work assessed the durability performance of concrete made with ordinary portland cement (OPC), portland pozzolana cement (PPC), OPC fly ash, and OPC fly ash subjected to sulfate-only and to conjoint chloride–sulfate environments. Results indicated that the degree of surface deterioration of the concrete was mitigated in concrete specimens kept in conjoint chloride–sulfate solutions compared with those kept in sulfate-only solutions. Reduction of compressive strength of concrete decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration in conjoint chloride–sulfate solutions. Blended cement concretes had better immunity to sodium sulfate attack, whereas OPC concrete had better immunity to magnesium sulfate attack. In the presence of sulfate and conjoint chloride–sulfate ions, the formation of various compounds in concrete which produce variations in concrete compressive strength was corroborated by the results of XRD and FESEM analyses. Reduction of the compressive strength of concrete in exposure solutions decreased in the order .
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, including values of the change of weight of individual cube specimens, values of the compressive strength of individual cube specimens, raw data of XRD analyses, and raw data of FTIR analyses.
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Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32 • Issue 9 • September 2020
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 17, 2019
Accepted: Feb 19, 2020
Published online: Jul 1, 2020
Published in print: Sep 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Dec 1, 2020
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