Extruded Tire Crumb-Rubber Recycled Polyethylene Melt Blend as Asphalt Composite Additive for Enhancing the Performance of Binder
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 3
Abstract
Concerning environmental problems caused by ever-increasing waste polymers, this paper developed tire crumb rubber (TCR) combined with recycled polyethylene (RPE) extruded melt blend as a composite additive for asphalt modification, aiming to enhance the performance of binder and reutilize extensively waste polymers. The influences of ratio of constituent, extrusion, and devulcanized crumb rubber (CR) on performance of the modified binder were evaluated by rheological methods. Moreover, the phase characteristics and modification mechanism were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that extrusion for TCR combined with RPE composite additive leads to a decrease in complex modulus and viscosity of the resulting binder. RPE in the composite additive plays a key role in improving the resistance to permanent deformation and reducing viscoplastic behavior. Microscopy showed the coarse RPE phase enveloping CR particles is favorable for improving rutting resistance of binder, whereas smaller particles and an unobvious polymer phase account for the reduced resistance to permanent deformation of binder with devulcanized CR. Extrusion for composite additive improves storage stability of the resulting binder, and devulcanized CR further facilitates stability. The loosened and porous surface of devulcanized CR in SEM sheds a brilliant light on improved storage stability.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work is partially supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (CPSF) (2018M640630 and 2017M622207). Special thanks are given to the State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures (Wuhan University of Technology) (Project No. SYSJJ 2018-07).
References
AASHTO. 2009. Standard method of test for multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). AASHTO TP70. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
AASHTO. 2014. Performance-graded asphalt binder using multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test. AASTHO standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. AASHTO M332. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Alamo-Nole, L. A., O. Perales-Pereza, and F. R. Roman-Velazqueza. 2011. “Sorption study of toluene and xylene in aqueous solutions by recycled tires crumb rubber.” J. Hazard. Mater. 185 (1): 107–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.003.
ASTM. 2002a. Standard test method for ductility of bituminous materials. ASTM D113. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2002b. Standard test method for penetration of bituminous materials. ASTM D5. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2002c. Standard test method for softening point of bitumen (ring-and-ball apparatus). ASTM D36. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2002d. Standard test method for viscosity determination of asphalt at elevated temperatures using a rotational viscometer. ASTM D4402. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Attaelmanan, M., P. F. Cheng, and A. H. AI. 2011. “Laboratory evaluation of HMA with high density polyethylene as a modifier.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (5): 2764–2770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.037.
Behzadfar, E., and S. G. Hatzikiriakos. 2013. “Viscoelastic properties and constitutive modelling of bitumen.” Fuel 108 (Jun): 391–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.035.
Chen, T. C., Y. H. Shen, W. J. Lee, C. C. Lin, and M. W. Wan. 2013a. “An economic analysis of the continuous ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization process applied to oil recovered from waste tires.” J. Clean. Prod. 39 (Jan): 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.09.001.
Chen, Y., C. Wu, H. Zhang, Q. Lin, Y. Hong, and Y. Luo. 2013b. “Empirical estimation of pollution load and contamination levels of phthalate esters in agricultural soils from plastic film mulching in China.” Environ. Earth Sci. 70 (1): 239–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-2119-8.
Cuadri, A. A., C. Roman, M. Garcia-Morales, F. Guisado, E. Moreno, and P. Partal. 2016. “Formulation and processing of recycled-low-density-polyethylene-modified bitumen emulsions for reduced-temperature asphalt technologies.” Chem. Eng. Sci. 156 (Dec): 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2016.09.018.
DuBois, E., Y. Mehta, and A. Nolan. 2014. “Correlation between multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) results and polymer modification of binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 65 (Aug): 184–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.111.
ETRMA (European Tyre Rubber Manufactures Association). 2013. “European tyre and rubber industry e statistics.” Accessed January 31, 2016. http://www.etrma.org/uploads/Modules/Documentsmanag er/20131015---statistics-booklet-2013-final2.pdf.
Habib, N. Z., I. Kamaruddin, M. Napiah, and M. T. Isa. 2011. “Rheological properties of polyethylene and polypropylene modified bitumen.” Int. J. Civ. Environ. Eng. 3 (2): 96–100.
JATMA (Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers Association). 2015. “Tyre industry of Japan.” Accessed January 2015. http://www.jatma.or.jp 592 17 593 594 /english/media/pdf/tyre_industry_2019.pdf.
Juganaru, T., M. Bombos, G. Vasilievici, and D. Bombos. 2015. “Devulcanized rubber for bitumen modification.” Mater. Plastice 52 (3): 336–339.
Kalantar, Z. N., M. R. Karim, and A. Mahrez. 2012. “A review of using waste and virgin polymer in pavement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 33 (Aug): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.01.009.
Lesueur, D. 2009. “The colloidal structure of bitumen: Consequences on the rheology and on the mechanisms of bitumen modification.” Adv. Colloid Interface 145 (1–2): 42–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2008.08.011.
Li, W., H. Bai, J. Yin, and H. Xu. 2016. “Life cycle assessment of end-of-life vehicle recycling processes in China-take Corolla taxis for example.” J. Clean. Prod. 117 (Mar): 176–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.025.
Li, X., H. Xu, Y. Gao, and Y. Tao. 2010. “Comparison of end-of-life tire treatment technologies: A Chinese case study.” Waste Manage. 30 (11): 2235–2246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.06.006.
Liang, M., S. Ren, W. Fan, H. Wang, W. Cui, and P. Zhao. 2017. “Characterization of fume composition and rheological properties of asphalt with crumb rubber activated by microwave and TOR.” Constr. Build. Mater. 154 (Nov): 310–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.199.
Liang, M., X. Xin, W. Fan, H. Sun, Y. Yao, and B. Xing. 2015. “Viscous properties, storage stability and their relationships with microstructure of tire scrap rubber modified asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 74 (Jan): 124–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.10.015.
Ma, T. T., L. H. Wu, L. K. Chen, H. B. Zhang, Y. Teng, and Y. M. Luo. 2015. “Phthalate esters contamination in soils and vegetables of plastic film greenhouses of suburb Nanjing, China and the potential human health risk.” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 22 (16): 12018–12028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4401-2.
Mallick, R. B., and T. El-Korchi. 2017. Pavement engineering: Principles and practice. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Mo, L., D. Shu, X. Li, M. Huurman, and S. Wu. 2012. “Experimental investigation of bituminous plug expansion joint materials containing high content of crumb rubber powder and granules.” Mater. Des. 37 (May): 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.01.003.
Moreno-Navarro, F., M. Sol-Sanchez, and M. C. Rubio-Gamez. 2014a. “Reuse of deconstructed tires as anti-reflective cracking mat systems in asphalt pavements.” Constr. Build. Mater. 53 (Feb): 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.101.
Moreno-Navarro, F., M. Sol-Sanchez, M. C. Rubio-Gamez, and M. Segarra-Martinez. 2014b. “The use of additives for the improvement of the mechanical behavior of high modulus asphalt mixes.” Constr. Build. Mater. 70 (Nov): 65–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.07.115.
Navarro, F. J., P. Partal, F. J. Martinez-Boza, and C. Gallegos. 2010. “Novel recycled polyethylene/ground tire rubber/bitumen blends for use in roofing applications: Thermo-mechanical properties.” Polym. Test. 29 (5): 588–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2010.03.010.
Nejad, F. M., P. Aghajani, A. Modarres, and H. Firoozifar. 2012. “Investigating the properties of crumb rubber modified bitumen using classic and SHRP testing methods.” Constr. Build. Mater. 26 (1): 481–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.06.048.
PEAPM (Plastics Europe Association of Plastics Manufacturers). 2008. “The compelling facts about plastics: An analysis of plastics production.” In Demand and recovery for 2006 in Europe. Brussels, Belgium: PEAPM.
Polacco, G., A. Muscente, D. Biondi, and S. Santini. 2006. “Effect of composition on the properties of SEBS modified asphalts.” Eur. Polym. J. 42 (5): 1113–1121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.11.024.
Presti, D. L. 2013. “Recycled tyre rubber modified bitumens for road asphalt mixtures: A literature review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 49 (Dec): 863–881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.09.007.
RMA (Rubber Manufacturers Association). 2013. “2013 US scrap tire management summary.” Accessed January 2015. http://www.rma.org/publications/scrap-tire-publications/.
Sharma, V. K., F. Fortuna, M. Mincarini, M. Berillo, and G. Cornacchia. 2000. “Disposal of waste tyres for energy recovery and safe environment.” Appl. Energ. 65 (1–4): 381–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-2619(99)00085-9.
Sienkiewicz, M., H. Janik, K. Borzędowska-Labuda, and J. Kucińska-Lipka. 2017. “Environmentally friendly polymer-rubber composites obtained from waste tyres: A review.” J. Clean. Prod. 147 (Mar): 560–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.121.
Sinha, V., M. R. Patel, and J. V. Patel. 2010. “PET waste management by chemical recycling: A review.” J. Polym. Environ. 18 (1): 8–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-008-0106-7.
Sustersic, E., M. A. Tusar, and A. Z. Valant. 2013. “Rheological and mechanical characterization of waste PMMA/ATH modified bitumen.” Constr. Build. Mater. 38 (Jan): 119–125.
Vargas, M. A., M. A. Vargas, A. Sánchez-Sólis, and O. Manero. 2013. “Asphalt/polyethylene blends: Rheological properties, microstructure and viscosity modeling.” Constr. Build. Mater. 45 (Aug): 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.064.
Wang, T., T. Yi, and Z. Yuzhen. 2010. “The compatibility of SBS-modified asphalt.” Pet. Sci. Technol. 28 (7): 764–772. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916460902937026.
Yao, Z., J. Zhang, F. Gao, S. Liu, and T. Yu. 2018. “Integrated utilization of recycled crumb rubber and polyethylene for enhancing the performance of modified bitumen.” Constr. Build. Mater. 170 (May): 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.080.
Yeh, P. H., Y. H. Nien, J. H. Chen, and J. S. Chen. 2005. “Thermal and rheological properties of maleated polypropylene modified asphalt.” Polym. Eng. Sci. 45 (8): 1152–1158. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.20386.
Zhang, J., Z. Yao, T. Yu, S. Liu, and H. Jiang. 2018. “Experimental evaluation of crumb rubber and polyethylene integrated modified asphalt mixture upon related properties.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 20 (6): 1–16.
Zoorob, S. E., J. P. Castro-Gomes, L. P. Oliveira, and J. O’Connell. 2012. “Investigating the multiple stress creep recovery bitumen characterisation test.” Constr. Build. Mater. 30 (May): 734–745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.060.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 9, 2019
Accepted: Jul 29, 2019
Published online: Dec 24, 2019
Published in print: Mar 1, 2020
Discussion open until: May 24, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.