Performance Evaluation of Desulfurized Rubber Asphalt Based on Rheological and Environmental Effects
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32, Issue 1
Abstract
To understand the performance of desulfurized rubber asphalt (DRA) and its application feasibility comprehensively, the road performance, viscosity–temperature characteristics, rheological properties, storage stability, aging resistance, and environmental performance of DRA were investigated and compared with ordinary rubber (hereinafter called rubberized rubber) asphalt. The test results showed that rubberized rubber asphalt (RRA) performs better than DRA in elastic recovery, aging resistance, and rutting resistance, but DRA performs better than RRA in storage stability and low-temperature performance. DRA has similar fatigue resistance as RRA. Compared with RRA, the construction temperature of DRA can be reduced by about 30°C, which means that DRA has better workability. The performance grade (PG) of DRA was classified as PG 76-34, which indicates that DRA has a wider temperature range and can be applied to lower-temperature environments. In addition, the harmful gas emission of DRA is lower than that of RRA, so DRA is more environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is necessary to modify DRA with compound methodologies to enlarge its application.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Almeida, D. A., R. Battistelle, B. Bezerra, and R. De Castro. 2012. “Use of scrap tire rubber in place of SBS in modified asphalt as an environmentally correct alternative for Brazil.” J. Clean. Prod. 33 (Sep): 236–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.03.039.
Bahia, H. U., D. I. Hanson, M. Zeng, H. Zhai, M. A. Khatri, and R. M. Anderson. 2001. Characterization of modified asphalt binders in superpave mix design. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Bredberg, K., J. Persson, and M. Christiansson. 2001. “Anaerobic desulfurization of ground rubber with the thermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus–a new method for rubber recycling.” Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 55 (1): 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530000499.
Cavalieri, F., F. Padella, and F. Cataldo. 2010. “Mechanochemical surface activation of ground tire rubber by solid-state devulcanization and grafting.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 90 (6): 1631–1638. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.12829.
Das, S., T. R. Curlee, C. G. Rizy, and S. M. Schexnayder. 1995. “Automobile recycling in the United States: Energy impacts and waste generation.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 14 (3–4): 265–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449(95)00021-A.
Dong, D., X. Huang, X. Li, and L. Zhang. 2012. “Swelling process of rubber in asphalt and its effect on the structure and properties of rubber and asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 29 (Apr): 316–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.021.
Dubkov, K. A., S. V. Semikolenov, D. P. Ivanov, D. E. Babushkin, G. I. Panov, and V. N. Parmon. 2012. “Reclamation of waste tyre rubber with nitrous oxide.” Polym. Degrad. Stab. 97 (7): 1123–1130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.04.006.
Fang, B., Q. F. Wu, and Z. Q. Zhang. 2012. “Study on storage stability and improvement measures of rubber modified asphalt.” [In Chinese.] Highway 3: 203–207.
Feng, W. L., and A. I. Isayev. 2007. “Recycling of tire-curing bladder by ultrasonic devulcanization.” Polym. Eng. Sci. 46 (1): 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.20449.
Frantzis, P. 2004. “Crumb rubber-bitumen interactions: Diffusion of bitumen into rubber.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 16 (4): 387–390. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:4(387).
Gao, Y., M. Dong, L. Li, L. Wang, and Z. Sun. 2015. “Interface effects on the creep characteristics of asphalt concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 96 (Oct): 591–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.08.075.
Ghazi, G. A., and Z. R. Khaled. 2015. “Investigation of the effect of rubber on rheological properties of asphalt binders using Superpave DSR.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 19 (1): 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-012-0629-2.
Ibrahim, I. M., E. S. Fathy, M. El-Shafie, and M. Y. Elnaggar. 2015. “Impact of incorporated gamma irradiated crumb rubber on the short-term aging resistance and rheological properties of asphalt binder.” Constr. Build. Mater. 81 (Apr): 42–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.01.015.
Jang, J. W., T. S. Yoo, J. H. Oh, and I. Iwasaki. 1998. “Discarded tire recycling practices in the United States, Japan and Korea.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 22 (1–2): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(97)00041-4.
Jeong, K. D., S. J. Lee, S. N. Amirkhanian, and K. W. Kim. 2010. “Interaction effects of crumb rubber modified asphalt binders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (5): 824–831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.024.
JTG (Jiao Tong Gui). 2011a. Standard test method of bitumen binder creep property. [In Chinese.] JTG E20 T0627. Beijing: JTG.
JTG (Jiao Tong Gui). 2011b. Standard test method of bitumen binder ductility. [In Chinese.] JTG E20 T0605. Beijing: JTG.
JTG (Jiao Tong Gui). 2011c. Standard test method of bitumen binder elastic recovery. [In Chinese.] JTG E20 T0662. Beijing: JTG.
JTG (Jiao Tong Gui). 2011d. Standard test method of bitumen binder penetration. [In Chinese.] JTG E20 T0604. Beijing: JTG.
JTG (Jiao Tong Gui). 2011e. Standard test method of bitumen binder rheological properties. [In Chinese.] JTG E20 T0628. Beijing: JTG.
JTG (Jiao Tong Gui). 2011f. Standard test method of bitumen binder softening point. [In Chinese.] JTG E20 T0606. Beijing: JTG.
JTG (Jiao Tong Gui). 2011g. Standard test method of bitumen binder storage stability. [In Chinese.] JTG E20 T0655. Beijing: JTG.
JTG (Jiao Tong Gui). 2011h. Standard test method of bitumen binder viscosity. [In Chinese.] JTG E20 T0625. Beijing: JTG.
Kedarisetty, S., K. P. Biligiri, and J. B. Sousa. 2016. “Advanced rheological characterization of reacted and activated rubber (RAR) modified asphalt binders.” Constr. Build. Mater. 122 (Sep): 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.043.
Kim, H., and S. Lee. 2013. “Laboratory investigation of different standards of phase separation in crumb rubber modified asphalt binders.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 25 (12): 1975–1978. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000751.
Kim, S. W., H. Y. Park, J. C. Lim, I. R. Jeon, and K. H. Seo. 2007. “Cure characteristics and physical properties of ground-rubber-filled natural rubber vulcanizates: Effects of the curing systems of the ground rubber and rubber matrix.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 105 (4): 2396–2406. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.26279.
Laukkanen, O. V., T. Pellinen, S. Heyrman, and G. Lemoine. 2015. “Creep-recovery behavior of bituminous binders and its relation to asphalt mixture rutting.” Mater. Struct. 48 (12): 4039–4053. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0464-7.
Lee, S. J., C. K. Akisetty, and S. N. Amirkhanian. 2008. “The effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on the performance properties of rubberized binders in HMA pavements.” Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (7): 1368–1376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.04.010.
Li, H. B., and Y. P. Sheng. 2013. “Study on desulfurized rubber asphalt.” [In Chinese.] J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. 35 (5): 50–54.
López-Moro, F. J., M. C. Moro, F. Hernández-Olivares, B. Witoszek-Schultz, and M. Alonso-Fernández. 2013. “Microscopic analysis of the interaction between crumb rubber and bitumen in asphalt mixtures using the dry process.” Constr. Build. Mater. 48 (Nov): 691–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.041.
Lu, S., X. Xin, and J. Ren. 2017. “Asphalt modification using nano-materials and polymers composite considering high and low temperature performance.” Constr. Build. Mater. 133 (Feb): 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.033.
Ma, S. B., S. Y. Zhang, and Z. H. Wang. 2007. “Weight determination method of road environment comprehensive evaluation index.” J. Chang’an Univ. (Nat. Sci.) 4: 37–41.
Ma, T., Y. Zhao, X. Huang, and Y. Zhang. 2016. “Characteristics of desulfurized rubber asphalt and mixture.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 20 (4): 1347–1355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-1195-1.
Mashaan, N. S., A. H. Ali, M. R. Karim, and M. Abdelaziz. 2011. “Effect of blending time and crumb rubber content on properties of crumb rubber modified asphalt binder,” Int. J. Phys. Sci. 6 (9): 2189–2193. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.446.
Mashaan, N. S., and M. R. Karim. 2013. “Investigating the rheological properties of crumb rubber modified bitumen and its correlation with temperature susceptibility.” Mater. Res. 16 (1): 116–127. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392012005000166.
Memon, N. A. 2011. “Characterisation of conventional and chemically dispersed crumb rubber modified bitumen and mixtures.” Ph.D. thesis, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Univ. of Nottingham.
Moreno, F., M. Sol, J. Martin, M. Perez, and M. Rubio. 2013. “The effect of crumb rubber modifier on the resistance of asphalt mixes to plastic deformation.” Mater. Design. 47 (May): 274–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.12.022.
MOT (Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China). 2009. Technical guide for design and construction of rubber asphalt and mixture. [In Chinese.] Beijing: MOT.
Navarro, F. 2004. “Thermo-rheological behaviour and storage stability of ground tire rubber-modified bitumens.” Fuel 83 (14–15): 2041–2049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2004.04.003.
Navarro, F. J., P. Partal, F. MartínezBoza, and C. Gallegos. 2005. “Influence of crumb rubber concentration on the rheological behavior of a crumb rubber modified bitumen.” Energy Fuels 19 (5): 1984–1990. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef049699a.
Oliveira, J., H. Silva, L. Abreu, and S. Fernandes. 2013. “Use of a warm mix asphalt additive to reduce the production temperatures and to improve the performance of asphalt rubber mixtures.” J. Clean. Prod. 41 (Feb): 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.09.047.
Pasquini, E., F. Canestrari, F. Cardone, and F. A. Santagata. 2011. “Performance evaluation of gap graded Asphalt Rubber mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (4): 2014–2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.048.
Premkumar, L., G. Chehab, and M. Solaimanian. 2013. “Evaluation of low-temperature properties of asphalt binders and mixtures.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2370 (1): 102–108. https://doi.org/10.3141/2370-13.
Presti, D. L. 2013. “Recycled tyre rubber modified bitumens for road asphalt mixtures: A literature review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 49 (Dec): 863–881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.09.007.
Puga, K. L. N. N., and R. C. Williams. 2016. “Low temperature performance of laboratory produced asphalt rubber (AR) mixes containing polyoctenamer.” Constr. Build. Mater. 112 (Jun): 1046–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.013.
Sadaka, F., Irène Campistron, A. Laguerre, and J. F. Pilard. 2012. “Controlled chemical degradation of natural rubber using periodic acid: Application for recycling waste tyre rubber.” Polym. Degrad. Stab. 97 (5): 816–828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.01.019.
Salim, M. N., A. A. Hassan, K. M. Rehan, and A. Mahrez. 2014. “A review on using crumb rubber in reinforcement of asphalt pavement.” Sci. World J. 2014: 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/214612.
Scuracchio, C. H., D. A. Waki, and M. L. C. P. D. Silva. 2007. “Thermal analysis of ground tire rubber devulcanized by microwaves.” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 87 (3): 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-005-7419-8.
Shatanawi, K. M., S. Biro, A. Geiger, and S. N. Amirkhanian. 2012. “Effects of furfural activated crumb rubber on the properties of rubberized asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 28 (1): 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.041.
Shen, J., and S. Amirkhanian. 2005. “The influence of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) microstructures on the high temperature properties of CRM binders.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 6 (4): 265–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298430500373336.
Sheng, Y. P., H. B. Li, J. G. Geng, Y. Tian, Z. Z Li, and R. Xiong. 2017. “Production and performance of desulfurized rubber asphalt binder.” Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 10 (3): 262–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.02.002.
Sienkiewicz, M., K. Borzedowska-Labuda, A. Wojtkiewicz, and H. Janik. 2017. “Development of methods improving storage stability of bitumen modified with ground tire rubber: A review.” Fuel Process. Technol. 159 (May): 272–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.01.049.
Sombatsompop, N., and C. Kumnuantip. 2006. “Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of NR/carbon black/reclaimed rubber blends vulcanized by conventional thermal and microwave irradiation methods.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 100 (6): 5039–5048. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.23472.
Sun, X. M., and A. I. Isayev. 2007. “Ultrasound devulcanization: Comparison of synthetic isoprene and natural rubbers.” J. Mater. Sci. 42 (17): 7520–7529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1623-9.
Tang, N., W. Huang, and F. Xiao. 2016. “Chemical and rheological investigation of high-cured crumb rubber-modified asphalt.” Constr. Build. Mater. 123 (Oct): 847–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.131.
Thodesen, C., K. Shatanawi, and S. Amirkhanian. 2009. “Effect of crumb rubber characteristics on crumb rubber modified (CRM) binder viscosity.” Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (1): 295–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.12.007.
Wang, C. 2015. “Rheology study on road performance of asphalt binder.” [In Chinese.] Ph.D. thesis, College of Metropolitan Transportation, Beijing Univ. of Technology.
Wang, C. W., F. Wang, and W. G. Zhang. 2014. “Research on road performance of desulfurized rubber asphalt and mixture.” [In Chinese.] Appl. Mech. Mater. 525: 546–551. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.525.546.
Wang, H., Z. You, J. Mills-Beale, and P. Hao. 2012. “Laboratory evaluation on high temperature viscosity and low temperature stiffness of asphalt binder with high percent scrap tire rubber.” Constr. Build. Mater. 26 (1): 583–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.06.061.
Wang, T., F. Xiao, S. Amirkhanian, W. Huang, and M. Zheng. 2017. “A review on low temperature performances of rubberized asphalt materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 145 (Aug): 483–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.031.
Warner, W. C. 1994. “Methods of devulcanization.” Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. 67 (3): 559–566.
Wen, L., C. H. Lin, and S. C. Lee. 2009. “Review of recycling performance indicators: A study on collection rate in Taiwan.” [In Chinese.] Waste Manage. 29 (8): 2248–2256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.03.022.
Wu, D. F. 1996. “Study on swelling principle and road performance of desulfurized rubber asphalt.” [In Chinese.] J. Railway Eng. Soc. 13 (2): 36–40.
Wu, S., Z. Zhao, Y. Xiao, M. Yi, Z. Chen, and M. Li. 2017. “Evaluation of mechanical properties and aging index of 10-year field aged asphalt materials.” Constr. Build. Mater. 155 (Nov): 1158–1167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.102.
Xiao, D. L., and S. H. Wu. 2012. “Research on desulfurization technology of waste rubber powder.” [In Chinese.] Tire Ind. 32 (8): 455–461.
Yang, Y. W., H. Yuan, and T. Ma. 2012. “Swelling principle and road performance of desulfurization rubber asphalt.” [In Chinese.] J. Highway Transp. Res. Dev. 29 (2): 35–39.
Yao, C., S. H. Zhao, H. Minghan, B. W. Wang, and L. Q. Zhang. 2015. “Half-submerged cultivation method for the microbial desulfurization of waste latex rubber.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 131 (21): 8558–8572.
Zhang, X. L., W. Zhang, and X. B. Du. 2013. “Study on properties of desulfurized rubber asphalt and its mixture.” [In Chinese.] Sci. Technol. Eng. 13 (17): 5046–5049.
Zhao, A. D. 2015. “Study on properties and mechanism of desulfurization rubber and desulfurized rubber modified asphalt prepared by twin screw extruder.” [In Chinese.] Ph.D. thesis, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Univ. of Chemical Technology.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 32 • Issue 1 • January 2020
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 22, 2018
Accepted: Jun 14, 2019
Published online: Oct 30, 2019
Published in print: Jan 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Mar 30, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.