Mechanical Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Self-Compacting Rubberized Concrete Exposed to Elevated Temperatures
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 12
Abstract
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a cementitious composite that serves complex formworks without mechanical vibrations. SCC has been widely used in modern concrete structures because of its superior performance, including excellent deformability and high resistance to segregation. A new kind of SCC, called self-compacting rubberized concrete (SCRC), is developed when crumb-rubber aggregates from waste tires are blended with different fractions in SCC to replace part of traditional aggregates; this developed SCRC achieves a better economic benefit and recycling of wasted tires. Meanwhile, polypropylene and steel fibers are also used in SCRC to improve the mechanical properties, especially at elevated temperatures. In this study, eight polypropylene and steel-fiber-reinforced SCRC mixture designs were produced. Slump-flow and J-ring experiments were performed to investigate the properties of fresh SCRC (flowability, flow speed, filling ability, and passing ability). The mechanical properties of hardened SCRC (compressive strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity) after 28 days of curing were also tested. In addition, high-temperature resistance for SCRC is measured as the essential performance parameter, including mass loss, spalling distribution, and residual mechanical performance at 100°C, 300°C, and 600°C. The 0.25% optimum fiber ratio for polypropylene fiber and the 0.75% optimum steel-fiber ratio in SCRC were determined to obtain high-temperature resistance for hardened and fresh SCRC.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude and appreciation to BASF and BOSFA.
References
Abdelaleem, B. H., and A. A. Hassan. 2018. “Development of self-consolidating rubberized concrete incorporating silica fume.” Constr. Build. Mater. 161 (Feb): 389–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.146.
Aiello, M. A., and F. Leuzzi. 2010. “Waste tyre rubberized concrete: Properties at fresh and hardened state.” Waste Manage. 30 (8–9): 1696–1704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.02.005.
Al-Mutairi, N., F. Al-Rukaibi, and A. Bufarsan. 2010. “Effect of microsilica addition on compressive strength of rubberized concrete at elevated temperatures.” J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manage. 12 (1): 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-009-0243-7.
AS (Australian Standard). 1991. Methods of testing concrete: Method 14: Method for securing and testing cores from hardened concrete for compressive strength. AS 1012.14. Sydney, Australia: AS.
AS (Australian Standard). 1996a. Aggregates and rock for engineering purposes. Part 1: Concrete aggregates. AS 2758.1. Sydney, Australia: AS.
AS (Australian Standard). 1996b. Methods for sampling and testing aggregates, method 51: Unconfined compressive strength of compacted materials. AS 1141.51. Sydney, Australia: AS.
AS (Australian Standard). 1998. Supplementary cementitious materials for use with portland and blended cement. Part 1: Fly ash. AS 3582.2. Sydney, Australia: AS.
AS (Australian Standard). 2000. Chemical admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Part 1: Admixtures for concrete. AS 1478. Sydney, Australia: AS.
AS (Australian Standard). 2001. Supplementary cementitious materials for use with portland and blended cement-slag—Ground granulated iron blast-furnace. AS 3582.2. Sydney, Australia: AS.
AS (Australian Standard). 2006. Methods of testing portland and blended cements. AS 2350.2. Sydney, Australia: AS.
AS (Australian Standard). 2010. General purpose and blended cements. AS 3972. Sydney, Australia: AS.
AS (Australian Standard). 2014. Methods of testing concrete, compressive strength tests—Concrete, mortar and grout specimens. AS 1012.9. Sydney, Australia: AS.
Aslani, F. 2013. “Prestressed concrete thermal behaviour.” Mag. Concrete Res. 65 (3): 158–171. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.12.00037.
Aslani, F. 2014. “Experimental and numerical study of time-dependent behaviour of reinforced self-compacting concrete slabs.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Technology.
Aslani, F. 2016a. “Mechanical properties of waste tire rubber concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (3): 04015152. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001429.
Aslani, F. 2016b. “Thermal performance modelling of geopolymer concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (1): 04015062. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001291.
Aslani, F. 2018. “Residual bond between concrete and reinforcing GFRP rebars at elevated temperatures.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Struct. Build. 172 (2): 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.17.00126.
Aslani, F., and Z. Asif. 2019. “Properties of ambient-cured normal and heavyweight geopolymer concrete exposed to high temperatures.” Materials 12 (5): 740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12050740.
Aslani, F., and M. Bastami. 2011. “Constitutive models and relationships for normal and high strength concrete at elevated temperatures.” Mater. J. 108 (4): 355–364.
Aslani, F., F. Hamidi, and Q. Ma. 2019. “Fire performance of heavyweight self-compacting concrete and heavyweight high strength concrete.” Materials 12 (5): 822. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1205082210.3390/ma12050822.
Aslani, F., and J. Kelin. 2018. “Assessment and development of high-performance fibre-reinforced lightweight self-compacting concrete including recycled crumb rubber aggregates exposed to elevated temperatures.” J. Clean. Prod. 200 (Nov): 1009–1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.323.
Aslani, F., and M. Khan. 2019. “Properties of high-performance self-compacting rubberized concrete exposed to high-temperatures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (5): 04019040. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002672.
Aslani, F., and G. Ma. 2018. “Normal- and high-strength lightweight self-compacting concrete incorporating perlite, scoria, and polystyrene aggregates at elevated temperatures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (12): 04018328. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002538.
Aslani, F., G. Ma, D. L. Y. Wan, and V. X. T. Le. 2018. “Experimental investigation into rubber granules and their effects on the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete.” J. Clean. Prod. 172 (Jan): 1835–1847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.003.
Aslani, F., and B. Samali. 2013. “Predicting the bond between concrete and reinforcing steel at elevated temperatures.” Struct. Eng. Mech. 48 (5): 643–660. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.48.5.643.
Aslani, F., and B. Samali. 2014a. “High strength polypropylene fibre reinforcement concrete at high temperature.” Fire Technol. 50 (5): 1229–1247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-013-0332-y.
Aslani, F., and B. Samali. 2014b. “Constitutive relationships for steel fiber reinforced concrete at elevated temperatures.” Fire Technol. 50 (5): 1249–1268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-012-0322-5.
Aslani, F., and B. Samali. 2015. “Constitutive relationships for self-compacting concrete at elevated temperatures.” Mater. Struct. 48 (1–2): 337–356. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0187-1.
Aslani, F., and L. Wang. 2019. “Fabrication and characterization of an engineered cementitious composite with enhanced fire resistance performance.” J. Clean. Prod. 221 (Jun): 202–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.241.
ASTM. 2011. Standard specification for silica fume used in cementitious mixtures. ASTM C1240-15. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Benazzouk, A., O. Douzane, K. Mezreb, B. Laidoudi, and M. Qu Neudec. 2008. “Thermal conductivity of cement composites containing rubber waste particles: Experimental study and modelling.” Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (4): 573–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.11.011.
Bignozzi, M. C., and F. Sandrolini. 2006. “Tyre rubber waste recycling in self-compacting concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 36 (4): 735–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.12.011.
Brouwers, H., and H. Radix. 2005. “Self-compacting concrete: Theoretical and experimental study.” Cem. Concr. Res. 35 (11): 2116–2136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.06.002.
Chan, Y., X. Luo, and W. Sun. 2000. “Compressive strength and pore structure of high-performance concrete after exposure to high temperature up to 800°C.” Cem. Concr. Res. 30 (2): 247–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00240-9.
EFNARC (European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete). 2005. The European guidelines for self-compacting concrete specification, production and use: Self-compacting concrete. London: EFNARC.
Eldin, N. N., and A. B. Senouci. 1993. “Rubber-tire particles as concrete aggregate.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 5 (4): 478–496. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1993)5:4(478).
Ferrara, L., P. Bamonte, A. Caverzan, A. Musa, and I. Sanal. 2012. “A comprehensive methodology to test the performance of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFR-SCC).” Constr. Build. Mater. 37 (Dec): 406–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.057.
Gesoğlu, M., and E. Güneyisi. 2011. “Permeability properties of self-compacting rubberized concretes.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (8): 3319–3326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.03.021.
Güneyisi, E., M. Gesoğlu, N. Naji, and S. Ipek. 2016. “Evaluation of the rheological behavior of fresh self-compacting rubberized concrete by using the Herschel–Bulkley and modified Bingham models.” Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng. 16 (1): 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2015.09.003.
Guo, Y.-C., J.-H. Zhang, G.-M. Chen, and Z.-H. Xie. 2014. “Compressive behaviour of concrete structures incorporating recycled concrete aggregates, rubber crumb and reinforced with steel fibre, subjected to elevated temperatures.” J. Clean. Prod. 72 (Jun): 193–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.02.036.
Hernández-Olivares, F., and G. Barluenga. 2004. “Fire performance of recycled rubber-filled high-strength concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 34 (1): 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00253-9.
Hesami, S., I. S. Hikouei, and S. A. A. Emadi. 2016. “Mechanical behavior of self-compacting concrete pavements incorporating recycled tire rubber crumb and reinforced with polypropylene fiber.” J. Clean. Prod. 133 (Oct): 228–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.079.
Huang, Z., J. Y. Richard Liew, and L. Wei. 2017. “Evaluation of compressive behavior of ultra-lightweight cement composite after elevated temperature exposure.” Constr. Build. Mater. 148 (Sep): 579–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.121.
HYDER. 2015. “Stocks and fate of end of life tyres e 2013-14 study.” Accessed October 18, 2018. http://www.nepc.gov.au/system/files/resources/8f17c03e-1fe7-4c93-8c6d-fb4cdc1b40bd/files/stocks-and-fate-end-life-tyres-2013-14-study.pdf.
Ismail, M. K., and A. A. A. Hassan. 2016. “Use of metakaolin on enhancing the mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete containing high percentages of crumb rubber.” J. Clean. Prod. 125 (Jul): 282–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.044.
Issa, C. A., and G. Salem. 2013. “Utilization of recycled crumb rubber as fine aggregates in concrete mix design.” Constr. Build. Mater. 42 (May): 48–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.12.054.
Kantasiri, T., P. Kasemsiri, U. Pongsa, and S. Hiziroglu. 2016. “Properties of light weight concrete containing crumb rubber subjected to high temperature.” Key Eng. Mater. 718: 177–183. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.718.177.
Khalil, E., M. Abd-Elmohsen, and M. Ahmed. 2015. “Impact resistance of rubberized self-compacting concrete.” Water Sci. 29 (1): 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsj.2014.12.002.
Kodur, V. 2014. “Properties of concrete at elevated temperatures.” ISRN Civ. Eng. 2014: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/468510.
Law Yim Wan, D., F. Aslani, and G. Ma. 2018. “Lightweight self-compacting concrete incorporating perlite, scoria, and polystyrene aggregates.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (8): 04018178. https://doi.org/10 .1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002350.
Liu, F., L. J. Li, Y. C. Guo, W. F. Xie, and J. Deng. 2011. “Fire performance of high-strength concrete reinforced with recycled rubber particles.” Mag. Concrete Res. 63 (3): 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.8.00140.
Liu, X., G. Ye, G. De Schutter, Y. Yuan, and L. Taerwe. 2008. “On the mechanism of polypropylene fibres in preventing fire spalling in self-compacting and high-performance cement paste.” Cem. Concr. Res. 38 (4): 487–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.11.010.
Lothenbach, B., K. Scrivener, and R. Hooton. 2011. “Supplementary cementitious materials.” Cem. Concr. Res. 41 (12): 1244–1256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.12.001.
Marques, A. 2010. “Fire behaviour of concrete made with recycled rubber aggregates.” [In Portuguese.] M.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Technical Univ. of Lisbon.
Mousa, M. I. 2017. “Effect of elevated temperature on the properties of silica fume and recycled rubber-filled high strength concretes (RHSC).” HBRC J. 13 (1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2015.03.002.
Ocholi, A., S. P. Ejeh, and S. M. Yinka. 2014. “An investigation into the thermal performance of rubber-concrete.” Acad. J. Interdiscip. Stud. 3 (5): 29. https://doi.org/10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n5p29.
Oikonomou, N., and S. Mavridou. 2009. “The use of waste tyre rubber in civil engineering works.” In Sustainability of construction materials, 213–238. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing.
Okamura, H., K. Ozawa, and M. Ouchi. 2000. “Self-compacting concrete.” Struct. Concr. 1 (1): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1680/stco.2000.1.1.3.
Ozbay, E., M. Lachemi, and U. K. Sevim. 2011. “Compressive strength, abrasion resistance and energy absorption capacity of rubberized concretes with and without slag.” Mater. Struct. 44 (7): 1297–1307. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-010-9701-x.
Rahman, M., M. Usman, and A. A. Al-Ghalib. 2012. “Fundamental properties of rubber modified self-compacting concrete (RMSCC).” Constr. Build. Mater. 36 (Nov): 630–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.116.
Santos, C. C. D., and J. P. C. Rodrigues. 2013. “Compressive strength at high temperatures of a concrete made with recycled tire textile and steel fibers.” In Proc., Int. Workshop on Concrete Spalling due to Fire Exposure, 573–580. Paris: RILEM.
Si, R., J. Wang, S. Guo, Q. Dai, and S. Han. 2018. “Evaluation of laboratory performance of self-consolidating concrete with recycled tire rubber.” J. Clean. Prod. 180 (Apr): 823–831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.180.
Siringi, G. M. 2012. “Properties of concrete with tire derived aggregate and crumb rubber as a ligthweight substitute for mineral aggregates in the concrete mix.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Univ. of Texas at Arlington.
Tao, J., Y. Yuan, and L. Taerwe. 2010. “Compressive strength of self-compacting concrete during high-temperature exposure.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 22 (10): 1005–1011. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000102.
Topçu, I. B., and T. Bilir. 2009. “Experimental investigation of some fresh and hardened properties of rubberized self-compacting concrete.” Mater. Des. 30 (8): 3056–3065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.12.011.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 16, 2018
Accepted: Jun 7, 2019
Published online: Sep 30, 2019
Published in print: Dec 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Feb 29, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.