Assessing Moisture Damage of Asphalt-Aggregate Systems Using Principles of Thermodynamics: Effects of Recycled Materials and Binder Aging
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 9
Abstract
This study utilized the concept of surface free energy to assess the effect of binder aging, types of aggregate, and recycled mineral fillers on the moisture susceptibility of asphalt-aggregate systems. A total of 12 combinations of asphalt mastic and aggregates were evaluated. The surface free energy for each mastic type was determined based on contact angle measurements obtained using the sessile drop method. Next, the work of adhesion and the work of debonding for all combinations of asphalt mastics and aggregates were quantified based on their surface free energy components. The energy ratio parameter was used to assess the resistance to moisture damage of each mastic-aggregate combination. Moreover, mixes with different asphalt aging conditions—nonaged, short-term aged, and long-term aged—were evaluated to determine the effect of asphalt aging on moisture susceptibility. The results confirmed that limestone aggregates are less susceptible to moisture damage than granite aggregates. Furthermore, the use of recycled mineral fillers, mainly from recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), significantly reduces the resistance of asphalt-aggregate systems to moisture damage. Last, the results revealed that asphalt-aggregate systems become less able to resist moisture damage as the asphalt ages.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the University Research Board at the American University of Beirut for their support of this work.
References
AASHTO. 2014. Standard method of test for resistance of compacted asphalt mixtures to moisture-induced damage. AASHTO T283. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Alvarez, A. E., E. Ovalles, and S. Caro. 2012. “Assessment of the effect of mineral filler on asphalt–aggregate interfaces based on thermodynamic properties.” Constr. Build. Mater. 28 (1): 599–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.089.
Apeagyei, A. K., J. R. Grenfell, and G. D. Airey. 2014. “Moisture-induced strength degradation of aggregate—Asphalt mastic bonds.” Supplement, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 15 (S1): 239–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2014.927951.
ASTM. 2012. Standard test method for effect of heat and air on a moving film of asphalt (rolling thin-film oven test). ASTM D2872. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2013. Standard practice for accelerated aging of asphalt binder using a pressurized aging vessel (PAV). ASTM D6521. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2016. Standard practice for viscosity-temperature chart for asphalt binders. ASTM D2493/D2493M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bala, N., M. Napiah, and I. Kamaruddin. 2017. “Influence of nanosilica on moisture resistance of polymer modified bitumens.” Pet. Sci. Technol. 36 (3): 244–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2017.1419480.
Bhasin, A., and D. N. Little. 2006. Characterizing surface properties of aggregates used in hot mix asphalt. Alexandria, VA: Aggregates Foundation for Technology, Research, and Education.
Bhasin, A., and D. N. Little. 2007. “Characterization of aggregate surface energy using the universal sorption device.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 19 (8): 634–641. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:8(634).
Cominsky, R. J., G. A. Huber, T. W. Kennedy, and M. Anderson. 1994. The Superpave mix design manual for new construction and overlays. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Ghabchi, R., D. Singh, and M. Zaman. 2014. “Evaluation of moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixes containing RAP and different types of aggregates and asphalt binders using the surface free energy method.” Constr. Build. Mater. 73: 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.042.
Ghabchi, R., D. Singh, M. Zaman, and Q. Tian. 2013. “Application of asphalt-aggregates interfacial energies to evaluate moisture-induced damage of warm mix asphalt.” Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci. 104: 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11.095.
Habal, A., and D. Singh. 2016. “Comparison of Wilhelmy plate and Sessile drop methods to rank moisture damage susceptibility of asphalt–aggregates combinations.” Constr. Build. Mater. 113: 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.060.
Hamedi, G. H., and S. A. Tahami. 2018. “The effect of using anti-stripping additives on moisture damage of hot mix asphalt.” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 81: 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2017.03.016.
Hefer, A. W., A. Bhasin, and D. N. Little. 2006. “Bitumen surface energy characterization using a contact angle approach.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 18(6): 759–767. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:6(759).
Hossain, K., A. Karakas, P. Singhvi, H. Ozer, and I. L. Al-Qadi. 2018. “Effect of aging and rejuvenation on surface free energy measurements and adhesive property of asphalt mixtures.” In Proc., 97th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Hossain, Z., B. Bairgi, and M. Belshe. 2015. “Investigation of moisture damage resistance of GTR-modified asphalt binder by static contact angle measurements.” Constr. Build. Mater. 95: 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.032.
Howson, J., E. Masad, A. Bhasin, D. Little, and R. Lytton. 2011. “Comprehensive analysis of surface free energy of asphalts and aggregates and the effects of changes in pH.” Constr. Build. Mater. 25 (5): 2554–2564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.098.
Isola, M., S. Chun, R. Roque, J. Zou, C. Koh, and G. Lopp. 2014. “Development and evaluation of laboratory conditioning procedures to simulate mixture property changes effectively in the field.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2447 (1): 74–82. https://doi.org/10.3141/2447-08.
Karaziwan, J. A. 2016. “Multiscale investigation of the impact of filler on asphalt concrete behavior.” Master’s thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, American Univ. of Beirut.
Little, D. N., and A. Bhasin. 2006. Using surface energy measurements to select materials for asphalt pavement. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
Liu, Y., A. Apeagyei, N. Ahmad, J. Grenfell, and G. Airey. 2013. “Examination of moisture sensitivity of aggregate–bitumen bonding strength using loose asphalt mixture and physico-chemical surface energy property tests.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 15 (7): 657–670. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2013.855312.
López-Montero, T., J. Crucho, L. Picado-Santos, and R. Miró. 2018. “Effect of nanomaterials on ageing and moisture damage using the indirect tensile strength test.” Constr. Build. Mater. 168: 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.110.
Moraes, R., R. Velasquez, and H. Bahia. 2017. “Using bond strength and surface energy to estimate moisture resistance of asphalt-aggregate systems.” Constr. Build. Mater. 130: 156–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.043.
Sakanlou, F., H. Shirmohammadi, and G. H. Hamedi. 2018. “Investigating the effect of filler types on thermodynamic parameters and their relationship with moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixes.” Mater. Struct. 51 (2): 39. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1166-3.
Schrader, M. E. 1995. “Young-Dupre revisited.” Langmuir 11 (9): 3585–3589. https://doi.org/10.1021/la00009a049.
Sebaaly, P., E. Hitti, and D. Weitzel. 2003. “Effectiveness of lime in hot-mix asphalt pavements.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1832 (1): 34–41. https://doi.org/10.3141/1832-05.
van Oss, C. J., M. K. Chaudhury, and R. J. Good. 1987. “Monopolar surfaces.” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 28: 35–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8686(87)80008-8.
Wei, J., and Y. Zhang. 2012. “Application of sessile drop method to determine surface free energy of asphalt and aggregate.” J. Test. Eval. 40 (5): 20120060. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20120060.
Yin, F., A. Epps Martin, and E. Arámbula-Mercado. 2016. “Warm-mix asphalt moisture susceptibility evaluation for mix design and quality assurance.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2575 (1): 39–47. https://doi.org/10.3141/2575-05.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 13, 2018
Accepted: Apr 1, 2019
Published online: Jun 20, 2019
Published in print: Sep 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Nov 20, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.