Predicting Dynamic Shear Modulus of Asphalt Mastics Using Discretized-Element Simulation and Reinforcement Mechanisms
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 8
Abstract
Dynamic shear modulus of an asphalt mastic has a remarkable effect on the mechanical performance of an asphalt pavement, and particulate composite micromechanical models are proven to be suitable for the prediction of modulus of asphalt mastics. However, the prediction accuracy of the current micromechanical models decreases sharply at a high filler concentration and high temperature (or low frequency). This study aims to develop a modified micromechanical model that can be applied to predict modulus of asphalt mastics at a wide range of frequencies and filler concentrations. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests are performed using asphalt mastics with four filler concentrations, and three-dimensional discrete-element method (DEM) is implemented to validate the DSR tests and obtain additional master curves of asphalt mastics with different filler concentrations. The reinforcement mechanisms are introduced into the micromechanical models to predict the laboratory test results with an increase of the prediction accuracy. The numerical results show that the test data is repeated by the DEM simulation, which is believed to be a promising tool to present the rheological behavior of asphalt matrix and asphalt mastics. The modified micromechanical viscoelastic model can predict the dynamic shear modulus of asphalt mastics successfully at high filler concentration and low frequency.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge Professors Bjorn Birgisson and Robert L. Lytton at Texas A&M University for their valuable assistance in conducting this study. The study is financially supported by Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University (YBJJ1841), the China Scholarship Council (No. 201706090166), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51878164), and Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation (BK20161421).
References
Abbas, A., E. Masad, T. Papagiannakis, and T. Harman. 2007. “Micromechanical modeling of the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixtures using the discrete-element method.” Int. J. Geomech. 7 (2): 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2007)7:2(131).
Abbas, A., E. Masad, T. Papagiannakis, and A. Shenoy. 2005. “Modelling asphalt mastic stiffness using discrete element analysis and micromechanics-based models.” Int. J. Pavement Eng. 6 (2): 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298430500159040.
Anderson, D., H. Bahia, and R. Dongre. 1992. “Rheological properties of mineral filler-asphalt mastics and its importance to pavement performance.” In Effects of aggregates and mineral fillers on asphalt mixture performance. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2008. Standard test method for determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using a dynamic shear rheometer. ASTM D7175. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Buttlar, W., D. Bozkurt, G. Al-Khateeb, and A. Waldhoff. 1999. “Understanding asphalt mastic behavior through micromechanics.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1681 (1): 157–169. https://doi.org/10.3141/1681-19.
Christensen, R., and K. Lo. 1979. “Solutions for effective shear properties in three phase sphere and cylinder models.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids 27 (4): 315–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(79)90032-2.
Christensen, D., Jr., T. Pellinen, and R. Bonaquist. 2003. “Hirsch model for estimating the modulus of asphalt concrete.” In Vol. 72 of Proc., Asphalt Paving Technology Conf. Lino Lakes, MN: Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists.
Di Benedetto, H., F. Olard, C. Sauzéat, and B. Delaporte. 2004. “Linear viscoelastic behaviour of bituminous materials: From binders to mixes.” Supplement, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 5 (S1): 163–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2004.9689992.
Dondi, G., V. Vignali, M. Pettinari, F. Mazzotta, A. Simone, and C. Sangiorgi. 2014. “Modeling the DSR complex shear modulus of asphalt binder using 3d discrete element approach.” Constr. Build. Mater. 54 (Mar): 236–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.005.
Eshelby, J. D. 1957. “The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion, and related problems.” Proc. R. Soc. London A 241 (1226): 376–396. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1957.0133.
Eshelby, J. D. 1959. “The elastic field outside an ellipsoidal inclusion.” Proc. R. Soc. London A 252 (1271): 561–569. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1959.0173.
Gibiansky, L., and G. W. Milton. 1993. “On the effective viscoelastic moduli of two-phase media. I. Rigorous bounds on the complex bulk modulus.” Proc. R. Soc. London A 440 (1908): 163–188. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1993.0010.
Hashin, Z. 1970. “Complex moduli of viscoelastic composites—I. General theory and application to particulate composites.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 6 (5): 539–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(70)90029-6.
Hashin, Z., and S. Shtrikman. 1963. “A variational approach to the theory of the elastic behaviour of multiphase materials.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids 11 (2): 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(63)90060-7.
Hou, S., D. Zhang, X. Huang, and Y. Zhao. 2015. “Investigation of micro-mechanical response of asphalt mixtures by a three-dimensional discrete element model.” J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. -Mater. Sci. Ed. 30 (2): 338–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11595-015-1150-5.
Kim, Y. R., and D. Little. 2004. “Linear viscoelastic analysis of asphalt mastics.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 16 (2): 122–132. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2004)16:2(122).
Ling, M., X. Luo, F. Gu, and R. L. Lytton. 2017. “An inverse approach to determine complex modulus gradient of field-aged asphalt mixtures.” Mater. Struct. 50 (2): 138. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-017-1013-y.
Liu, H., and R. Luo. 2017. “Development of master curve models complying with linear viscoelastic theory for complex moduli of asphalt mixtures with improved accuracy.” Constr. Build. Mater. 152 (Oct): 259–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.143.
Ma, T., D. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and J. Hong. 2016. “Micromechanical response of aggregate skeleton within asphalt mixture based on virtual simulation of wheel tracking test.” Constr. Build. Mater. 111 (May): 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.104.
Mazzotta, F., C. Sangiorgi, V. Vignali, C. Lantieri, and G. Dondi. 2016. “Rheological characterization of bituminous mastics containing waste bleaching clays.” In Proc., 8th RILEM Int. Symp. on Testing and Characterization of Sustainable and Innovative Bituminous Materials, 595–606. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Mori, T., and K. Tanaka. 1973. “Average stress in matrix and average elastic energy of materials with misfitting inclusions.” Acta metallurgica 21 (5): 571–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(73)90064-3.
Nega, A., B. Ghadimi, and H. Nikraz. 2015. “Developing master curves, binder viscosity and predicting dynamic modulus of polymer-modified asphalt mixtures.” Int. J. Eng. Technol. 7 (3): 190–197. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJET.2015.V7.790.
Rowe, G. M., and M. Sharrock. 2011. “Alternate shift factor relationship for describing temperature dependency of viscoelastic behavior of asphalt materials.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2207 (1): 125–135. https://doi.org/10.3141/2207-16.
Underwood, B. S., and Y. R. Kim. 2014. “A four phase micro-mechanical model for asphalt mastic modulus.” Mech. Mater. 75 (Aug): 13–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2014.04.001.
Vignali, V., F. Mazzotta, C. Sangiorgi, A. Simone, C. Lantieri, and G. Dondi. 2014. “Rheological and 3D DEM characterization of potential rutting of cold bituminous mastics.” Constr. Build. Mater. 73 (Dec): 339–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.09.051.
Yin, H., W. Buttlar, G. H. Paulino, and H. D. Benedetto. 2008. “Assessment of existing micro-mechanical models for asphalt mastics considering viscoelastic effects.” Road Mater. Pavement Des. 9 (1): 31–5–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2008.9690106.
Yin, H., and L. Sun. 2006. “Magnetoelastic modelling of composites containing randomly dispersed ferromagnetic particles.” Philos. Mag. 86 (28): 4367–4395. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786430600724421.
You, Z., and W. Buttlar. 2006. “Micromechanical modeling approach to predict compressive dynamic moduli of asphalt mixtures using the distinct element method.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1970 (1): 72–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198106197000107.
Zhang, J., Z. Fan, J. Pei, R. Li, and M. Chang. 2015. “Multiscale validation of the applicability of micromechanical models for asphalt mixture.” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2015: 8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/937126.
Zhang, J., G. S. Simate, X. Hu, M. Souliman, and L. F. Walubita. 2017. “Impact of recycled asphalt materials on asphalt binder properties and rutting and cracking performance of plant-produced mixtures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 155 (Nov): 654–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.084.
Zhang, Y., T. Ma, X. Ding, T. Chen, X. Huang, and G. Xu. 2018a. “Impacts of air-void structures on the rutting tests of asphalt concrete based on discretized emulation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 166 (Mar): 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.141.
Zhang, Y., T. Ma, X. Huang, Y. Zhao, and P. Hu. 2018b. “Algorithms for generating air-void structures of idealized asphalt mixture based on three-dimensional discrete-element method.” J. Transp. Eng., Part B: Pavements 144 (2): 04018023. https://doi.org/10.1061/JPEODX.0000045.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31 • Issue 8 • August 2019
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 27, 2018
Accepted: Mar 26, 2019
Published online: May 25, 2019
Published in print: Aug 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Oct 25, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.