Hydration Behavior of Magnesium Oxysulfate Cement with Fly Ash via Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 31, Issue 10
Abstract
A new type of material, magnesium oxysulfate cement (MOSC), has attracted widespread attention as an environmentally friendly and low-energy inorganic green cementitious material due to its outstanding performance. In this study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the hydration behavior and process of MOSC. EIS was also used to investigate the effect of fly ash (FA) on the hydration behavior of MOSC. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), backscattered scanning electron microscopy (BSE), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the evolution of the pore structure and micromorphology of MOSC incorporated with FA. The results show that the resistance values () in the equivalent circuit for MOSC increase with increasing curing time. The incorporation of FA can affect the resistance values for each element in the equivalent circuit. In the early stages of hydration (1 day and 2 days), high-volume FA can reduce the degree of hydration of MOSC paste. At the later stages of hydration, the resistance values () increase with increasing FA content. The MIP, BSE, and SEM results also show that the porosity of MOSC decreases with increasing FA content; the incorporation of FA can significantly improve the morphology of MOSC, resulting in a denser microstructure. This study shows that the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a powerful technique to investigate the hydration behavior and process of MOSC, and the results also indicate that FA is a good mineral admixture used as a partial substitute for MOSC cementitious materials.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Financial support from the Qinghai Province Key Research & Development and Transformation Project (Grant No. 2019-NN-159) and the China National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 51508272) is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Ying Lv for her help in writing this paper.
References
ASTM. 2016. Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars [using 2-in. or (50-mm) cube specimens]. ASTM C109. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Beaudoin, J. J., and V. S. Ramachandran. 1978. “Strength development in magnesium oxysulfate cement.” Cem. Concr. Res. 8 (1): 103–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(78)90063-7.
Chau, C. K., and Z. Li. 2008. “Accelerated reactivity assessment of light burnt magnesium oxide.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 91 (5): 1640–1645. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02330.x.
Dang, L., X. Nai, Y. Dong, and W. Li. 2017. “Functional group effect on flame retardancy, thermal, and mechanical properties of organophosphorus-based magnesium oxysulfate whiskers as a flame retardant in polypropylene.” RSC Adv. 7 (35): 21655–21665. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA02863F.
Demediuk, T., W. F. Cole, and H. V. Hueber. 1955. “Studies on magnesium and calcium oxychlorides.” Aust. J. Chem. 8 (2): 215–233. https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9550215.
Gu, P., P. Xie, J. J. Beaudoin, and R. Brousseau. 1992. “AC impedance spectroscopy (I): A new equivalent circuit model for hydrated Portland cement paste.” Cem. Concr. Res. 22 (5): 833–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(92)90107-7.
Gu, P., P. Xie, J. J. Beaudoin, and R. Brousseau. 1993a. “AC impedance spectroscopy (II): Microstructural characterization of hydrating cement-silica fume systems.” Cem. Concr. Res. 23 (1): 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(93)90147-2.
Gu, P., Z. Xu, P. Xie, and J. J. Beaudoin. 1993b. “Application of AC impedance techniques in studies of porous cementitious materials:(I): Influence of solid phase and pore solution on high frequency resistance.” Cem. Concr. Res. 23 (3): 531–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(93)90003-R.
He, P. P., C. S. Poon, and D. C. W. Tsang. 2017. “Effect of pulverized fuel ash and curing on the water resistance of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC).” Cem. Concr. Res. 97 (Jul): 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.03.005.
Husain, A., K. Kupwade-Patil, A. F. Al-Aibani, and M. F. Abdulsalam. 2017. “In situ electrochemical impedance characterization of cement paste with volcanic ash to examine early stage of hydration.” Constr. Build. Mater. 133 (Feb): 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.054.
Kim, H. C., S. Y. Kim, and S. S. Yoon. 1995. “Electrical properties of cement paste obtained from impedance spectroscopy.” J. Mater. Sci. 30 (15): 3768–3772. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01153933.
Liu, X. W., Y. L. Feng, H. R. Li, P. Zhang, and P. Wang. 2011. “Preparation of light-burned magnesia from magnesite and its hydration kinetics.” J. Cent. South Univ. (Sci. Tech.) 42 (12): 3912–3917.
McCarter, W. J. 1996. “The AC impedance response of concrete during early hydration.” J. Mater. Sci. 31 (23): 6285–6292. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00354451.
McCarter, W. J., S. Garvin, and N. Bouzid. 1988. “Impedance measurements on cement paste.” J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 7 (10): 1056–1057. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00720825.
Mo, L., F. Zhang, D. K. Panesar, and M. Deng. 2017. “Development of low-carbon cementitious materials via carbonating Portland cement-fly ash-magnesia blends under various curing scenarios: A comparative study.” J. Cleaner Prod. 163 (Oct): 252–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.066.
Monticelli, C., A. Frignani, and G. Trabanelli. 2000. “A study on corrosion inhibitors for concrete application.” Cem. Concr. Res. 30 (4): 635–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00221-0.
Qin, L., X. Gao, and T. Chen. 2018a. “Recycling of raw rice husk to manufacture magnesium oxysulfate cement based lightweight building materials.” J. Cleaner Prod. 191 (Aug): 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.238.
Qin, L., X. Gao, W. Li, and H. Ye. 2018b. “Modification of magnesium oxysulfate cement by incorporating weak acids.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (9): 04018209. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002418.
Ruan, S., and C. Unluer. 2017. “Influence of supplementary cementitious materials on the performance and environmental impacts of reactive magnesia cement concrete.” J. Cleaner Prod. 159 (Aug): 62–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.044.
Runcevski, T., C. Y. Wu, and H. F. Yu. 2013. “Structural characterization of a new magnesium oxysulfate hydrate cement phase and its surface reactions with atmospheric carbon dioxide.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 96 (11): 3609–3616. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.12556.
Shi, M., and Z. Chen. 1998. “Study of hydration dynamics of cement by linear dynamic system.” J. Build. Mater. 1 (4): 295–299.
Shi, M., Z. Chen, and J. Sun. 1999. “Determination of chloride diffusivity in concrete by AC impedance spectroscopy.” Cem. Concr. Res. 29 (7): 1111–1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00079-4.
Shi, T., L. Zheng, and X. Xu. 2017. “Evaluation of alkali reactivity of concrete aggregates via AC impedance spectroscopy.” Constr. Build. Mater. 145 (Aug): 548–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.053.
Song, G. 2000. “Equivalent circuit model for AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 30 (11): 1723–1730. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00400-2.
Sun, H., Z. Ren, S. A. Memon, D. Zhao, X. Zhang, D. Li, and F. Xing. 2017. “Investigating drying behavior of cement mortar through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis.” Constr. Build. Mater. 135 (Mar): 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.196.
Walling, S. A., and J. L. Provis. 2016. “Magnesia-based cement: A journey of 150 years, and cements for the future.” Chem. Rev. 116 (7): 4192–4194.
Wang, L., L. Chen, D. W. Cho, D. C. W. Tsang, J. Yang, D. Y. Hou, K. Baek, H. W. Kua, and C. S. Poon. 2019. “Novel synergy of Si-rich minerals and reactive MgO for stabilization/solidification of contaminated sediment.” J. Hazard. Mater. 365 (Mar): 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.067.
Wang, L., S. S. Chen, D. C. W. Tsang, C. S. Poon, and K. Shih. 2016. “Recycling contaminated wood into eco-friendly particleboard using green cement and carbon dioxide curing.” J. Cleaner Prod. 137 (Nov): 861–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.180.
Wang, N., H. F. Yu, W. L. Bi, Y. S. Tan, N. Zhang, C. Y. Wu, and S. Hua. 2018. “Effects of sodium citrate and citric acid on the properties of magnesium oxysulfate cement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 169 (Apr): 697–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.208.
Woo, L. Y., S. Wansom, N. Ozyurt, B. Mu, S. P. Shah, and T. O. Mason. 2005. “Characterizing fiber dispersion in cement composites using AC-impedance spectroscopy.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 27 (6): 627–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.06.003.
Wu, C. Y., C. Chen, H. Zhang, Y. Tan, and H. F. Yu. 2018. “Preparation of magnesium oxysulfate cement using magnesium-rich byproducts from the production of lithium carbonate from salt lakes.” Constr. Build. Mater. 172 (May): 597–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.005.
Wu, C. Y., W. Chen, H. Zhang, H. F. Yu, W. Zhang, N. Jiang, and L. Liu. 2017. “The hydration mechanism and performance of modified magnesium oxysulfate cement by tartaric acid.” Constr. Build. Mater. 144 (Jul): 516–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.222.
Wu, C. Y., H. F. Yu, and J. Dong. 2014. “Effects of material ratio, fly ash, and citric acid on magnesium oxysulfate cement.” ACI Mater. J. 111 (3): 291–297.
Wu, C. Y., H. F. Yu, H. Zhang, J. Dong, J. Wen, and Y. Tan. 2015. “Effects of phosphoric acid and phosphates on magnesium oxysulfate cement.” Mater. Struct. 48 (4): 907–917. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0202-6.
Xu, Z., P. Gu, P. Xie, and J. J. Beaudoin. 1993. “Application of AC impedance techniques in studies of porous cementitious materials:(II): Relationship between ACIS behavior and the porous microstructure.” Cem. Concr. Res. 23 (4): 853–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(93)90039-C.
Zhou, X. M., and Z. J. Li. 2012. “Light-weight wood–magnesium oxychloride cement composite building products made by extrusion.” Constr. Build. Mater. 27 (1): 382–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.07.033.
Zhu, Y., H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, and Y. Yao. 2017. “Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of hydration process and drying shrinkage for cement paste with W/C of 0.25 affected by high range water reducer.” Constr. Build. Mater. 131 (Jan): 536–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.099.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 26, 2018
Accepted: Mar 25, 2019
Published online: Jul 30, 2019
Published in print: Oct 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Dec 30, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.