Aging Characteristics of Warm-Mix Asphalt Binders
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29, Issue 10
Abstract
Warm-mix asphalt (WMA) has gained lot of interest among researchers and highway engineers in recent years because of the environmental and financial benefits associated with lower production temperatures. However, there are some characteristics of warm-mix asphalt that have not been investigated in detail. Several studies have been conducted to analyze the performance of warm asphalt mixtures, but there is a need to investigate the physical and rheological properties of warm-mix binders. This paper presents results of a study carried out to investigate the aging characteristics of warm-mix asphalt binders. WMA binders prepared with three different warm-mix additives were aged in a rolling thin-film oven (RTFO) at lower temperatures to simulate warm-mix asphalt aging while control binders were aged at 163°C only. Short-term aged binders were then aged in a pressure-aging vessel (PAV) to simulate long-term aging. Several parameters like aging index, , , -values, and stiffness of the aged binders were evaluated and results of warm-mix binders were compared with hot-mix asphalt binders. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests were also carried out on these binders to quantify aging of the binders with and without warm-mix asphalt additives.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
AASHTO. (2013). “Standard method of test for effect of heat and air on a moving film of asphalt (rolling thin-film oven test).” AASHTO T240, Washington, DC.
AASHTO. (2016). “Standard practice for accelerated aging of asphalt binder using a pressurized aging vessel (PAV).” AASHTO R28, Washington, DC.
Abo-Qudais, S. A., and Shatnawi, I. (2007). “Prediction of bituminous mixture fatigue life based on accumulated strain.” Constr. Build. Mater., 21(6), 1370–1376.
Airey, G. D. (2004). “Fundamental binder and practical mixture evaluation of polymer modified bituminous materials.” Int. J. Pavement Eng., 5(3), 137–151.
Al-Khateeb, G., Stuart, K., Mogawer, W., and Gibson, N. (2009). “Fatigue performance: Asphalt binders versus mixtures versus full scale pavements.” Can. J. Transp., 2(1), 13–33.
Anderson, D. A., and Kennedy, T. W. (1993). “Development of SHRP binder specification.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 62, 481–507.
Arega, Z. A., Bhasin, A., and De Kesel, T. (2013). “Influence of extended aging on the properties of asphalt composites produced using hot and warm mix methods.” Constr. Build. Mater., 44(1), 168–174.
ASTM. (2011). “Standard test method for quantitative extraction of bitumen from bituminous paving mixtures.” ASTM D2172, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2012). “Standard practice for recovery of asphalt from solution using the rotary evaporator.” ASTM D5404, West Conshohocken, PA.
Banerjee, A., de Fortier Smit, A., and Prozzi, J. A. (2012). “Long term aging effects on the rheological properties of warm mix asphalt (WMA) binders.” Fuel, 97, 603–611.
Behl, A. (2016). “Performance characteristics of warm mix asphalt.” Ph.D. thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.
Behl, A., Bose, S., Sharma, G., Kumar, G., and Devi, U. (2011). “Warm bituminous mixes: The wave of the future?” J. Indian Roads Congr., 101–107.
Behl, A., Chandra, S., Aggarwal, V. K., and Gangopadhyay, S., (2015). “Zero shear viscosity of bitumen-filler mastics of warm mix binders.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 04014260.
Chowdhury, A., and Button, J. (2008). “A review of warm mix asphalt.”, Texas Transportation Institute, Springfield, VA.
D’Angelo, J. (2008). “Warm-mix asphalt: European practice.”, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
Edwards, Y. (2005). “Influence of waxes on bitumen and asphalt concrete mixture performance.” Ph.D. thesis, KTH Architecture and the Build Environment, Stockholm, Sweden.
Gandhi, T., and Amirkhanian, S. (2008). “Laboratory simulation of warm mix asphalt (WMA) binder aging characteristics.” Airfield Highway Pavements, ASCE, Reston, VA, 195–204.
Gawel, I., and Baqinska, K. (2004). “Effect of chemical nature on the susceptibility of asphalt to aging.” Pet. Sci. Technol., 22(9), 1261–1271.
Hamzah, M. O., Jamshidi, A., Kanitpong, K., and Aman, M. Y. (2012). “Parameters to characterize the effects of Sasobit content on the rheological properties of unaged and aged asphalt binders.” Road Mater. Pavement Des., 13(2), 368–375.
Hanz, A., Faheem, A., Mahmoud, A., and Bahia, H. (2010). “Measuring effects of warm-mix additives: Use of newly developed asphalt binder lubricity test for the dynamic shear rheometer.” Trans. Res. Rec., 2(2180), 85–92.
Hurley, G., and Prowell, B. (2006). “Evaluation of potential process for use in warm mix asphalt.” J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol., 75, 41–90.
Johnston, A., Yeung, J. B., and Forfylow, B. (2006). “Initial Canadian experience with warm mix asphalt in Calgary, Alberta.” Proc., 51st Annual Conf. of the Canadian Technical Asphalt Association, Australian Asphalt Pavement Association, AB, Canada, 369–386.
Kim, H., Lee, S. J., and Amirkhanian, S. N. (2011). “Rheology of warm mix asphalt binders with aged binders.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(1), 183–189.
Lu, X., and Isacsson, U. (2002). “Effect of ageing on bitumen chemistry and rheology.” Constr. Build. Mater., 16(1), 15–22.
Mastrofini, D., and Scarsella, M. (2000). “The application of rheology to the evaluation of bitumen ageing.” Fuel, 79(9), 1005–1015.
Roberts, F. L., Kandhal, P. S., Brown, E. R., Lee, D. Y., and Kennedy, T. W. (1996). “Hot mix asphalt materials, mixture design, and construction.” National Asphalt Pavement Association Education Foundation, Lanham, MD.
Trujillo, P. (2011). “Long term aging study of WMA binders.” Master’s thesis, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29 • Issue 10 • October 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 10, 2016
Accepted: Mar 21, 2017
Published online: Jun 9, 2017
Published in print: Oct 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Nov 9, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.