Bond Behavior of Recycled Concrete: Analysis and Prediction of Bond Stress–Slip Curve
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29, Issue 10
Abstract
This paper studies the bond stress–slip curve of recycled concretes and the influence of recycled coarse aggregate, which leads to the determination of bond behavior at serviceability. In order to perform this analysis, a study of the compressive strength of the recycled aggregate concretes is required, due to the relationship between the bond strength and the mean compressive strength. Two series of concretes are designed with different water to cement ratios (0.50 and 0.65) and four different replacement percentages (0, 20, 50, and 100%). The experimental program tests cubic specimens through 144 compressive strength tests and 160 pull-out tests at different ages, from 3 to 365 days. The results show that replacement ratio significantly influences concrete properties related to the compressive strength and bond behavior. Two functions are developed to predict time-dependent compressive strength and bond stress–slip curve of recycled concrete, both based on the International Federation for Structural Concrete Model Code expressions for conventional concrete.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The study was funded by the “Clean, efficient and nice construction along its life cycle (CLEAM)” project funded by the Centre for the Technology and Industrial Development (CDTI) and led by the Economic Interest Group CLEAM-CENIT, AIE, composed of the country’s largest construction companies (Acciona, Dragados, Ferrovial, FCC, Isolux Corsán, OHL and Sacyr) and PYME (Informática 68, Quilosa and Martínez Segovia y asociados); and by “HORREO: Robust self-compacting recycled concretes: rheology in fresh state and mechanical properties (BIA2014-58063-R),” funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.
References
Ajdukiewicz, A., and Kliszczewicz, A. (2002). “Influence of recycled aggregates on mechanical properties of HS/HPC.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 24(2), 269–279.
Almeida Filho, F. M., Debs, M. K., and Debs, A. L. H. C. (2008). “Bond-slip behavior of self-compacting concrete and vibrated concrete using pull-out and beam tests.” Mater. Struct., 41(6), 1073–1089.
André, A., De Brito, J., Rosa, A., and Pedro, D. (2014). “Durability performance of concrete incorporating coarse aggregates from marble industry waste.” J. Cleaner Prod., 65, 389–396.
Bravo, M., and De Brito, J. (2012). “Concrete made with used tyre aggregate: Durability-related performance.” J. Cleaner Prod., 25, 42–50.
Bravo, M., De Brito, J., Pontes, J., and Evangelista, L. (2015). “Mechanical performance of concrete made with aggregates from construction and demolition waste recycling plants.” J. Cleaner Prod., 99, 59–74.
Breccolotti, M., and Materazzi, A. L. (2013). “Structural reliability of bonding between steel rebars and recycled aggregate concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 47, 927–934.
British Standard. (2009a). “Testing fresh concrete: Density.” EN 12350-6, Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification, Madrid, Spain (in Spanish).
British Standard. (2009b). “Testing fresh concrete: Slump-test.” EN 12350-2, Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification, Madrid, Spain (in Spanish).
British Standard. (2009c). “Testing hardened concrete: Compressive strength of test specimens.” EN 12390-3, Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification, Madrid, Spain (in Spanish).
British Standard. (2009d). “Testing hardened concrete: Density of hardened concrete.” EN 12390-7, Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification, Madrid, Spain (in Spanish).
British Standard. (2009e). “Testing hardened concrete: Making and curing specimens for strength tests.” EN 12390-2, Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification, Madrid, Spain (in Spanish).
British Standard. (2010). “Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates: Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation.” EN 1097-2, Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification, Madrid, Spain (in Spanish).
British Standard. (2011). “Cement: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements.” EN 197-1, Association for Standardization and Certification, Madrid, Spain (in Spanish).
British Standard. (2012). “Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates: Determination of particle size distribution: Sieving method.” EN 933-1, Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification, Madrid, Spain (in Spanish).
British Standard. (2013). “Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates: Determination of particle density and water absorption.” EN 1097-6, Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification, Madrid, Spain (in Spanish).
Butler, L., West, J. S., and Tighe, S. L. (2011). “The effect of recycled concrete aggregate properties on the bond strength between RCA concrete and steel reinforcement.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 41(10), 1037–1049.
Butler, L., West, J. S., and Tighe, S. L. (2013). “Effect of recycled concrete coarse aggregate from multiple sources on the hardened properties of concrete with equivalent compressive strength.” Constr. Build. Mater., 47, 1292–1301.
Corinaldesi, V. (2010). “Mechanical and elastic behaviour of concretes made of recycled-concrete coarse aggregates.” Constr. Build. Mater., 24(9), 1616–1620.
Corinaldesi, V., Letelier, V., and Moriconi, G. (2011). “Behaviour of beam-column joints made of recycled-aggregate concrete under cyclic loading.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(4), 1877–1882.
Corinaldesi, V., and Moriconi, G. (2009). “Influence of mineral additions on the performance of 100% recycled aggregate concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(8), 2869–2876.
Dapena, E., Alaejos, P., Lobet, A., and Pérez, D. (2011). “Effect of recycled sand content on characteristics of mortars and concretes.” J. Mater. Civil Eng., 414–422.
de Juan, M. S., and Gutiérrez, P. A. (2009). “Study on the influence of attached mortar content on the properties of recycled concrete aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(2), 872–877.
Etxeberria, M., Vázquez, E., Marí, A., and Barra, M. (2007). “Influence of amount of recycled coarse aggregates and production process on properties of recycled aggregate concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 37(5), 735–742.
European Committee. (2008). Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures, British Standard, London.
Faury, J. (1958). Le béton, Dunod, Paris.
Ferreira, L., De Brito, J., and Barra, M. (2011). “Influence of the pre-saturation of recycled coarse concrete aggregates on concrete properties.” Mag. Concr. Res., 63(8), 617–627.
Foroughi-Asl, A., Dimaghani, S., and Famili, H. (2008). “Bond strength of reinforcement steel in self-compacting concrete.” Int. J. Civil Eng., 6(1), 24–33.
Gómez-Soberón, J. M. (2002). “Porosity of recycled concrete with substitution of recycled concrete aggregate.” Cem. Concr. Res., 32(8), 1301–1311.
Gonzalez-Corominas, A., and Etxeberria, M. (2014). “Properties of high performance concrete made with recycled fine ceramic and coarse mixed aggregates.” Constr. Build. Mater., 68, 618–626.
González-Fonteboa, B., and Martínez-Abella, F. (2008). “Concretes with aggregates from demolition waste and silica fume. Materials and mechanical properties.” Build. Environ., 43(4), 429–437.
González-Fonteboa, B., Martínez-Abella, F., Eiras-López, J., and Seara-Paz, S. (2011). “Effect of recycled coarse aggregate on damage of recycled concrete.” Mater. Struct., 44(10), 1759–1771.
Guerra, M., Ceia, F., De Brito, J., and Júlio, E. (2014). “Anchorage of steel rebars to recycled aggregates concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 72, 113–123.
Hansen, T. C., and Narud, H. (1983). “Strength of recycled concrete made from crushed concrete coarse aggregate.” Concrete Int., 5(1), 79–83.
Huang, Q., and Wang, D. (2011). “Experimental study on bond-slip between steel bar and recycled aggregate concrete.” Adv. Build. Mater., 250–253, 1651–1656.
International Federation for Structural Concrete. (2012). “Model code for concrete structures 2010.”. Lausanne, Switzerland.
Jiménez, J. R., Ayuso, J., Galvín, A. P., López, M., and Agrela, F. (2012). “Use of mixed recycled aggregates with a low embodied energy from non-selected CDW in unpaved rural roads.” Constr. Build. Mater., 34, 34–43.
Kim, S. W., and Yun, H. D. (2013). “Influence of recycled coarse aggregates on the bond behavior of deformed bars in concrete.” Eng. Struct., 48, 133–143.
Kim, S. W., Yun, H. D., Park, W. S., and Jang, Y. I. (2015). “Bond strength prediction for deformed steel rebar embedded in recycled coarse aggregate concrete.” Mater. Des., 83, 257–269.
Kou, S. C., and Poon, C. S. (2015). “Effect of the quality of parent concrete on the properties of high performance recycled aggregate concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 77, 501–508.
López-Gayarre, F., Serna, P., Domingo-Cabo, A., Serrano-Lopez, M. A., and López-Colina, C. (2009). “Influence of recycled aggregate quality and proportioning criteria on recycled concrete properties.” Waste Manag., 29(12), 3022–3028.
Manzi, S., Mazzotti, C., and Bignozzi, M. C. (2013). “Short and long-term behavior of structural concrete with recycled concrete aggregate.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 37(1), 312–318.
Mas, B., Cladera, A., Olmo, T. D., and Pitarch, F. (2012). “Influence of the amount of mixed recycled aggregates on the properties of concrete for non-structural use.” Constr. Build. Mater., 27(1), 612–622.
Molina, M., Gutiérrez, J. P., and García, M. D. (2004). “Influencia del diámetro de la barra y del recubrimiento en las características adherentes del hormigón armado.” Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidrio, 43(2), 560–564 (in Spanish).
Nealen, A., and Schenk, S. (1998). “The influence of recycled aggregate core moisture on freshly mixed and hardened concrete properties.” ⟨http://www.b-i-m.de/public/tudmassiv/dacon13nealenschenk.htm⟩.
Nixon, P. J. (1987). “Recycled concrete as an aggregate for concrete—A review.” Mater Struct., 11(5), 371–378.
Orangun, C. O., Jirsa, J. O., and Breen, J. E. (1977). “A reevaluation of test data on development length and splices.” ACI J., 74(3), 114–122.
Pedro, D., de Brito, J., and Evangelista, L. (2015). “Performance of concrete made with aggregates recycled from precasting industry waste: Influence of the crushing process.” Mater. Struct., 48(12), 3965–3978.
Pérez-Benedicto, J. A., Del Río-Merino, M., Peralta-Canudo, J. L., and De la Rosa-La Mata, M. (2012). “Características mecánicas de hormigones con áridos reciclados procedentes de los rechazos en prefabricación.” Mater. Const., 62(305), 25–37 (in Spanish).
Poon, C. S., Kou, S. C., and Lam, L. (2007). “Influence of recycled aggregate on slump and bleeding of fresh concrete.” Mater. Struct., 40(9), 981–988.
Prince, M. J. R., and Singh, B. (2015). “Bond behaviour of normal- and high-strength recycled aggregate concrete.” Struct. Concr., 16(1), 56–70.
Rahal, K. (2007). “Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate.” Build. Environ., 42(1), 407–415.
RILEM. (1983). “RC6. Bond test for reinforcement steel. 2: Pull-out test.” RILEM TC9-RC, Paris.
Sagoe-Crentsil, K. K., Brown, T., and Taylor, A. H. (2001). “Performance of concrete made with commercially produced coarse recycled concrete aggregate.” Cem. Concr. Res., 31(5), 707–712.
Seara-Paz, S., González-Fonteboa, B., Eiras-López, J., and Herrador, M. F. (2014). “Bond behavior between steel reinforcement and recycled concrete.” Mater. Struct., 47(1–2), 323–334.
Seara-Paz, S., González-Fonteboa, B., Martínez-Abella, F., and González-Taboada, I. (2016). “Time-dependent behaviour of structural concrete made with recycled coarse aggregates. Creep and shrinkage.” Constr. Build. Mater., 122, 95–109.
Spanish Ministry of Public Works. (2008). “EHE-08. Regulation of structural concrete.” Spain (in Spanish).
Vos, E., and Reinhardt, H. W. (1982). “Influence of loading rate on bond behaviour of reinforcing steel and prestressing strands.” Matér. Constr., 15(1), 3–10.
Xiao, J., and Falkner, H. (2007). “Bond behaviour between recycled aggregate concrete and steel rebars.” Constr. Build. Mater., 21(2), 395–401.
Yalciner, H., Eren, O., and Sensoy, S. (2012). “An experimental study on the bond strength between reinforcement bars and concrete as a function of concrete cover, strength and corrosion level.” Cem. Concr. Res., 42(5), 643–655.
Zhao, Y., Lin, H., Wu, K., and Jin, W. (2013). “Bond behaviour of normal/recycled concrete and corroded steel bars.” Constr. Build. Mater., 48, 348–359.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 29 • Issue 10 • October 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 27, 2016
Accepted: Mar 8, 2017
Published online: Jun 15, 2017
Published in print: Oct 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Nov 15, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.