Preliminary Studies into Methods for Microstructural Improvements of Hydrated Lime Putty
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 12
Abstract
In the conservation of ancient masonry structures, due to the scarcity of traditional slaked lime putty, an hydrated lime putty could possibly be used as an alternative binder. The hydrated lime putty can be obtained by soaking the dry hydrated lime powders in water for a certain time. In this article, two approaches to increase the specific surface area of the hydrated lime putty are evaluated. One approach reduces the particle/agglomerate size and the other one mainly aims to promote the formation of hexagonal platelets. Several ways were found to be effective in reducing the particle/agglomerate size, including preselection of high-purity dry hydrated lime with finer particles, by conducation 1-h-long ultrasonication and the addition of 0.5% by weight polycarboxylate-based plasticizer. Meanwhile, a cold-and-hot cycling treatment were found to be effective in promoting the formation of hexagonal platelets of . Three cycles, each consisting of 12 h of stirring at room temperature and 36 h stirring at 80°C, were performed on the supersaturated aqueous solutions. After three cycles, well-developed hexagonal platelets were found throughout the microstructure.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This project was funded by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2012CB720902), and the Historic Preservation Special Foundation of Zhejiang Province (grant 2013) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2014M551719).
References
Arizzi, A., and Cultrone, G. (2012a). “Aerial lime-based mortars blended with a pozzolanic additive and different admixtures: A mineralogical, textural and physical-mechanical study.” Constr. Build. Mater., 31(6), 135–143.
Arizzi, A., and Cultrone, G. (2012b). “The difference in behaviour between calcitic and dolomitic lime mortars set under dry conditions: The relationship between textural and physical-mechanical properties.” Cem. Concr. Res., 42(6), 818–826.
Arizzi, A., Hendrickx, R., Cultrone, G., and Van Balen, K. (2012c). “Differences in the rheological properties of calcitic and dolomitic lime slurries: Influence of particle characteristics and practical implications in lime-based mortar manufacturing.” Mater. Constr., 62(306), 231–250.
Arizzi, A., Viles, H., and Cultrone, G. (2012d). “Experimental testing of the durability of lime-based mortars used for rendering historic buildings.” Constr. Build. Mater., 28(1), 807–818.
ASTM. (2008). “Standard specification for lime putty for structural purposes.” ASTM C5-10, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2011). “Standard specification for hydrated lime for masonry purposes.” ASTM C207-06, West Conshohocken, PA.
Atzeni, C., Farci, A., Floris, D., and Meloni, P. (2004). “Effect of aging on rheological properties of lime putty.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 87(9), 1764–1766.
Balksten, K., and Steenari, B. M. (2010). “The influence of particle size and structure in hydrated lime on the properties of the lime putty and lime mortar.” Int. J. Archit. Heritage, 4(2), 86–101.
Cazalla, O., Rodriguez-Navarro, C., Sebastian, E., Cultrone, G., and De la Torre, M. J. (2000). “Aging of lime putty: Effects on traditional lime mortar carbonation.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 83(5), 1070–1076.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). (2001). “Building lime. Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria.” EN 459–1, British Standards Institution, London.
Fernandez, J. M., Duran, A., Navarro-Blasco, I., Lanas, J., Sirera, R., and Alvarez, J. I. (2013). “Influence of nanosilica and a polycarboxylate ether superplasticizer on the performance of lime mortars.” Cem. Concr. Res., 43, 12–24.
Galmarini, S., Aimable, A., Ruffray, N., and Bowen, P. (2011). “Changes in portlandite morphology with solvent composition: Atomistic simulations and experiment.” Cem. Concr. Res., 41(12), 1330–1338.
GB (Guo Biao). (2010). “National food safety standard—Food additive: Calcium hydroxide.”, Beijing.
International Centre for Diffraction Data. (2000). “JCPDS powder diffraction file.” Swarthmore, PA.
Izaguirre, A., Lanas, J., and Alvarez, J. I. (2011). “Characterization of aerial lime-based mortars modified by the addition of two different water-retaining agents.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 33(2), 309–318.
Keck, C. M., and Muller, R. H. (2008). “Size analysis of submicron particles by laser diffractometry—90% of the published measurements are false.” Int. J. Pharm., 355(1–2), 150–163.
Lawrence, R. (2006). “A study of carbonation in non-hydraulic lime mortars.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Bath, Bath, U.K.
Margalha, M. G., Silva, A. S., Veiga, M. D., de Brito, J., Ball, R. J., and Allen, G. C. (2013). “Microstructural changes of lime putty during aging.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 1524–1532.
Mascolo, G., Mascolo, M. C., Vitale, A., and Marino, O. (2010). “Microstructure evolution of lime putty upon aging.” J. Crystal Growth, 312(16–17), 2363–2368.
Mira, P., Papadakis, V. G., and Tsimas, S. (2002). “Effect of lime putty addition on structural and durability properties of concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 32(5), 683–689.
Panesar, D. K., and Francis, J. (2014). “Influence of limestone and slag on the pore structure of cement paste based on mercury intrusion porosimetry and water vapour sorption measurements.” Constr. Build. Mater., 52, 52–58.
Rodriguez-Navarro, C., Cazalla, O., Elert, K., and Sebastian, E. (2002). “Liesegang pattern development in carbonating traditional lime mortars.” Proc. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 458(2025), 2261–2273.
Rodriguez-Navarro, C., Hansen, E., and Ginell, W. S. (1998). “Calcium hydroxide crystal evolution upon aging of lime putty.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 81(11), 3032–3034.
Rodriguez-Navarro, C., Ruiz-Agudo, E., Ortega-Huertas, M., and Hansen, E. (2005). “Nanostructure and irreversible colloidal behavior of Ca(OH)2: Implications in cultural heritage conservation.” Langmuir, 21(24), 10948–10957.
Romagnoli, M., Gualtieri, M. L., Hanuskova, M., Rattazzi, A., and Polidoro, C. (2013). “Effect of drying method on the specific surface area of hydrated lime: A statistical approach.” Powder Technol., 246, 504–510.
Ruiz-Agudo, E., and Rodriguez-Navarro, C. (2009). “Microstructure and rheology of lime putty.” Langmuir, 26(6), 3868–3877.
Wei, G. F., Zhang, H., Wang, H. M., Fang, S. Q., Zhang, B. J., and Yang, F. W. (2012). “An experimental study on application of sticky rice-lime mortar in conservation of the stone tower in the Xiangji Temple.” Constr. Build. Mater., 28(1), 624–632.
Yang, F. W., Zhang, B. J., and Ma, Q. L. (2010). “Study of sticky rice-lime mortar technology for the restoration of historical masonry construction.” Acc. Chem. Res., 43(6), 936–944.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28 • Issue 12 • December 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 24, 2015
Accepted: Apr 21, 2016
Published online: Jul 13, 2016
Published in print: Dec 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Dec 13, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.