Technical Papers
Feb 19, 2016

Low-Velocity Transverse Impact of Small, Clear Spruce and Pine Specimens with Additional Energy Absorbing Treatments

Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 8

Abstract

Single-blow impact testing of spruce and pine specimens were done to assess the effects of additional E-glass reinforcing on the tension face of a beam along with a rubber lamina adhered to the impact face. Comparisons between classic three-point static bending and dynamic pendulum tests proved the wood specimens did not absorb more energy in a dynamic loading; conversely, when reinforced with E-glass the spruce specimens absorbed about 2.5 times more energy, and the pine specimens absorbed 1.4 times more energy. The pine specimens treated with rubber and E-glass absorbed only about 1.5 times more energy, indicating a minimal positive effect by adding rubber. The most critical aspect of testing was the strain rate sensitivity of the E-glass.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

ASTM. (2011). “Standard test methods for small clear specimens of timber.” ASTM D143, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bank, L., Yin, J., and Gentry, T. (1998). “Pendulum impact tests on steel W-beam guardrails.” J. Transp. Eng., 319–325.
Beuth. (1981). “Prüfung von Holz: Schlabiegeversuch, Bestimmung der Bruchschlagarbeit.” DIN Deutsches Institut für Normungen e.V, Berlin.
Beuth. (1998a). “Luft- und Raumfahrt Glasfaserverstäkte Kunststoffe.” EN 2747, DIN Deutsches Institut für Normungen e.V, Berlin.
Beuth. (1998b). “Rückhaltesysteme an Straßen.” DIN Deutsches Institut für Normungen e. V, EN 1317-1-8, Berlin.
Botting, J. (2003). “Development of an FRP reinforced hardwood glulam guardrail.” Master’s thesis, Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME.
Cohen, J. (1992). “A power primer.” Psychol. Bull., 112(1), 155–159.
Coon, B., Reid, J., and Rohde, J. (1999). “Dynamic impact testing of guardrail posts embedded in soil.”, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, VA.
Cox, H. (1849) Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc., 9, 73–78.
Cramer, D., and Howitt, D. (2004). The sage dictionary of statistics, SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Daniel, I. M., and Ishai, O. (2006). Engineering mechanics of composite materials, Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.
Gatchell, C., and Mitchie, J. (1974). “Pendulum impact tests of wooden and steel highway guardrail posts.”, USDA Upper Darby, PA.
Gerhards, C. (1968). “Effects of type of testing equipment and specimen size on toughness of wood.” Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI.
Goldsmith, W. (1960). Impact: The theory and physical behaviour of colliding solids, Edward Arnold, London.
Gummi-Busch. “Gummiplatte EPDM/SBR 65°.” Neumünster, Germany.
Harris, H., and Sabnis, G. (1999). Structural modeling and experimental techniques, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Hedler Systemlicht. “Technische Daten C10.” Runkel, Germany.
Hetényi, M. (1950). Handbook of experimental stress analysis, Wiley, New York.
HP-Textiles. (2010). “Technisches Datenblatt, HP-E45KL.” Schapen, Germany.
Hsiao, H., and Daniel, I. M. (1998). “Strain rate behavior of composite materials.” Composites Part B, 29(5), 521–533.
ImageJ [Computer software], U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Jones, N. (1997). Structural impact, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
Madsen, B. (1971). “Duration of load tests for dry lumber in bending.” Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
MATLAB [Computer software]. Mathworks, Natick, MA.
Momentive. (2011). “Sicherheitsdatenblatt Bakelite PF 0283.” Geesthact, Germany.
P-D Interglas Technologies. “Produktinformation Interglas Type 92145.” Erbach, Germany.
Pettifor, C. (1942). “Resistance of wood to impact loads: Correlation of results from different types of test.” Aircraft Eng. Aerosp. Technol., 14(9), 248–250.
Saertex. (2012). “Abnahmeprüfzeugnis S15EU910.” Saerbeck, Germany.
Schonberg, W., Keer, L., and Woo, T. (1987). “Low velocity impact of transversely isotropic beams and plates.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 23(7), 871–896.
Shokrieh, M., and Omidi, M. (2009). “Tension behavior of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites under different strain rates.” Compos. Struct., 88(4), 595–601.
SPSS [Computer software]. IBM, Armonk, NY.
Timoshenko, S. (1913). “Zur Frage nach der Wirkung eines Stosses auf einen Balken.” Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 62, 198–209.
Timoshenko, S. (1937). Vibration problems in engineering, D. van Nostrand, New York.
Weicon. (2013). “Technical datasheet contact VA 1500.” Münster, Germany.
Weinberger Deutschland GmbH. “Benutzerhandbuch speedcam motion fire.” Karlsruhe, Germany.
Wilson, T. (1922). “Impact tests of wood.” Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mat. Bd., 22(2), 55–73.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 28Issue 8August 2016

History

Received: Sep 14, 2015
Accepted: Nov 20, 2015
Published online: Feb 19, 2016
Discussion open until: Jul 19, 2016
Published in print: Aug 1, 2016

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Tiberiu Polocoşer, S.M.ASCE [email protected]
Research Associate, Technische Universität Braunschweig, iBMB—FG Organische Baustoffe und Holzwerkstoffe, Braunschweig, Germany (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]
Frank Stöckel
Formerly, Postdoctoral Research Associate of Technische Universität Braunschweig, iBMB—FG Organische Baustoffe und Holzwerkstoffe, Braunschweig, Germany.
Bohumil Kasal, M.ASCE [email protected]
Director, Fraunhofer WKI-Institute for Wood Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Professor, iBMB—FG Organische Baustoffe und Holzwerkstoffe, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share