Hydromechanical Behaviors of Unsaturated Soils
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 27, Issue 7
Abstract
In this paper, the hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated soils is explored. A constitutive model is proposed to describe the coupled hydraulic and mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils. The compression stiffness parameters, such as , , , and , are analyzed, taking into account the influences of suction, degree of saturation, and net mean stress. Based on the volume change behavior under constant suction and the water retention properties, the relationship between the degree of saturation and volume change has been investigated under both net mean stress and suction. The proposed model is capable of describing the mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils for either isotropic compression or triaxial compression. Indeed, the simulation results of three cases of suction-controlled laboratory tests show good agreement with experimental data.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was carried out as part of project No. 51278099 of the National Natural Science Fund of China (NSFC). The constructive suggestions by Professor Daitao Sheng at the University of Newcastle, Australia, are very appreciated.
References
Alonso, E. E., Gens, A., and Josa, A. (1990). “A constitutive model for partially saturated soils.” Geotechnique, 40(3), 405–430.
Bishop, A. W. (1959). “The principle of effective stress.” Tek. Ukeblad, 39, 859–863.
Bolzon, G., Schrefler, B. A., and Zienkiewicz, O. C. (1996). “Elastoplastic soil constitutive laws generalised to partially saturated states.” Géotechnique, 46(2), 279–289.
Buisson, M. S. R., and Wheeler, S. J. (2000). “Inclusion of hydraulic hysteresis in a new elasto-plastic framework for unsaturated soils.” Experimental evidence and theoretical approaches in unsaturated soils, A. Tarantino and C. Mancuso, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 109–119.
Cui, Y. J., and Delage, P. (1996). “Yielding and plastic behaviour of an unsaturated compacted silt.” Geotechnique, 46(2), 291–311.
Fredlund, D. G., and Rahardjo, H. (1993). Soil mechanics for unsaturated soils, Wiley, New York, 346–373.
Fredlund, M. D. (1979). “Second Canadian geotechnical colloquium: appropriate concepts and technology for unsaturated soils.” Can. Geotech. J., 16(1), 121–139.
Fredlund, M. D. (1983). “Prediction of ground movements in swelling clays.” 31st Annual Soil Mechanics Foundation Engineering Conf., ASCE, Minneapolis, MN, 62–68.
Gallipoli, D., Gens, A., Sharma, R. S., and Vaunat, J. (2003a). “An elasto-plastic model for unsaturated soil incorporating the effect of suction and degree of saturation on mechanical behaviour.” Géotechnique, 53(1), 123–135.
Gallipoli, D., Gens, A., Vaunat, J., and Romero, E. (2002a). “Role of degree of saturation on the normally consolidated behaviour of unsaturated soils.” Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. Unsaturated Soils, A.A. Balkema, 113–120.
Gallipoli, D., Wheeler, S. J., and Karstunen, M. (2002b). “Importance of modelling degree of saturation variation: The pressuremeter test.” Proc., 8th Int. Symp. Numerical Models in Geomechanics, A.A. Balkema, Italy, 627–633.
Gallipoli, D., Wheeler, S. J., and Karstunen, M. (2003b). “Modelling of variation of degree of saturation in a deformable unsaturated soil.” Geotechnique, 53(1), 105–112.
Jennings, J. E. B., and Burland, J. B. (1962). “Limitations to the use of effective stresses in partly saturated soils.” Géotechnique, 12(1), 125–144.
Jommi, C. (2000). “Remarks on the constitutive modelling of unsaturated soils.” Experimental evidence and theoretical approaches in unsaturated soils, A. Tarantino and C. Mancuso, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 139–153.
Matyas, E. L., and Radhakrishna, H. S. (1968). “Volume change characteristics of partially saturated soils.” Geotechnique, 18(4), 432–448.
Miao, L., Houston, S., Cui, Y., and Yuan, J. (2007). “Relationship between soil structure and mechanical behavior for an expansive unsaturated clay.” Can. Geotech. J., 44(2), 126–137.
Miao, L., Jing, F., and Houston, S. L. (2006). “Soil-water characteristic curve of remolded expansive soils.” Unsaturated Soils, G. A. Miller, C. E. Zapata, S. L. Houston, and D. G. Fredlund, eds., ASCE, Reston, VA, 997–1004.
Miao, L., Liu, S., and Lai, Y. (2002). “Research of soil-water characteristics and shear strength features of Nanyang expansive soil.” Eng. Geol., 65(4), 261–267.
Ng, C. W. W., and Pang, Y. W. (2000). “Influence of stress state on soil-water characteristics and slope stability.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 157–166.
Nuth, M., and Laloui, L. (2006). “New insight into unified hydro-mechanical constitutive modeling of unsaturated soils.” Proc., 3rd Asian Conf. on Unsaturated Soils, Science Press, Nanjing, 109–125.
Nuth, M., and Laloui, L. (2008). “Effective stress concept in unsaturated soils: Clarification and validation of a unified framework.” Int. J. Num. Anal. Methods Geomech., 32(7), 771–801.
Porter, A. A., and Nelson, J. D. (1980). “Strain controlled testing of soils.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. Expansive Soils, ASCE, Denver, 34–44.
Santagiuliana, R., and Schrefler, B. A. (2006). “Enhancing the Bolzon-Schrefler-Zienkiewicz constitutive model for partially saturated soil.” Transp. Porous Media, 65(1), 1–30.
Sheng, D. (2010). “Constitutive modeling of unsaturated soils: Discussion of foundational principles.” Proc., 5th Int. Conf. on Unsaturated Soils, Vol. 1, Barcelona, Spain, 91–112.
Sheng, D., Fredlund, D. G., and Gens, A. (2006). “A new modelling approach for unsaturated soils using independent stress variables.” Proc., 3rd Asian Conf. on Unsaturated Soils, Science Press, Nanjing, 405–413.
Sheng, D., Fredlund, D. G., and Gens, A. (2008a). “A new modelling approach for unsaturated soils using independent stress variables.” Can. Geotech. J., 45(4), 511–534.
Sheng, D., Gens, A., Fredlund, D. G., and Sloan, S. W. (2008b). “Unsaturated soils: From constitutive modelling to numerical algorithms.” Comput. Geotech., 35(6), 810–824.
Sheng, D. C., Sloan, S. W., and Gens, A. (2004). “A constitutive model for unsaturated soils: Thermomechanical and algorithmic aspects.” Comput. Mech., 33(6), 453–465.
Simms, P. H., and Yanful, E. K. (2000). “Estimation of a soil-water characteristic curve of a clayey till using measured pore-size distribution.” Proc., 5th Int. Symp. on Environmental Geotechnology and Global Sustainable Development (CD-ROM), A.A. Balkema, 314–276.
Sun, D., Sheng, D. C., and Sloan, S. W. (2007). “Elastoplastic modeling of hydric and stress-strain behaviour of unsaturated soils.” Mech. Mater., 39(3), 212–221.
Thu, T. M., Rahardjo, H., and Leong, E. C. (2007). “Elastoplastic model for unsaturated soil with incorporation of the soil-water characteristic curve.” Can. Geotech. J., 44(1), 67–77.
Vanapalli, S. K., Fredlund, D. G., and Pufahl, D. E. (1999). “The influence of soil structure and stress history on the soil-water characteristics of a compacted till.” Geotechnique, 49(2), 143–159.
van Genuchten, M. Th. (1980). “A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44(5), 892–898.
Vaunat, J., Romero, E., and Jommi, C. (2000). “An elasto-plastic hydromechanical model for unsaturated soils.” Experimental evidence and theoretical approaches in unsaturated soils, A. Tarantino and C. Mancuso, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 121–138.
Wheeler, S. J. (1996). “Inclusion of specific water volume within an elasto-plastic model for unsaturated soil.” Can. Geotech. J., 33(1), 42–57.
Wheeler, S. J., Sharma, R. S., and Buisson, M. S. R. (2003). “Coupling of hydric hysteresis and stress–strain behaviour in unsaturated soils.” Géotechnique, 53(1), 41–54.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 11, 2013
Accepted: Aug 4, 2014
Published online: Sep 12, 2014
Discussion open until: Feb 12, 2015
Published in print: Jul 1, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.