Development of Irrigation Water Management Model for Reducing Drought Severity Using Remotely Sensed Soil Moisture Footprints
Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 7
Abstract
With an increase of population, agriculture, and industry, the demand for water has increased gradually across the world. Currently, agricultural crops have been damaged by drought severity due to climate changes that contribute to water scarcity. Policy/decision makers need to be prepared for reducing damages to crops due to severe droughts. For this reason, a genetic algorithm (GA)-based irrigation water management model (IWMM) adapting a hydrological model [soil water atmosphere plant (SWAP)] was developed. This approach is linked with a noisy Monte Carlo genetic algorithm (NMCGA) that can estimate effective soil hydraulic properties from in situ/remotely sensed (RS) soil moisture data. Based on the estimated soil parameters, vegetation information, and historical weather forcings, long-term root zone soil moisture (SM) and evapotranspiration (ET) dynamics were reproduced at fields using SWAP in a forward mode. This approach incorporates a soil moisture deficit index (SMDI) that can estimate the weekly drought severity using the daily estimated soil moisture dynamics. The irrigation schedules, intervals, and amounts were determined by the degree of drought based on the SMDI values (below 0 indicating drought). The Lubbock and Walnut Creek (WC) sites in Texas and Iowa were selected for testing the applicability of the studied approach using in situ (point scale) and RS (airborne sensing scale) soil moisture products. As this approach irrigates the appropriate/minimum water amounts (yearly average 65.5–136.1 mm) to the agricultural fields, one could prevent the drought-driven crop damages with the positive SMDI values. Thus, the newly developed model could be helpful for improving agricultural water management and reducing drought severity efficiently in irrigated agriculture.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
I thank Dr. Binayak P. Mohanty for supporting this research. I also appreciate the editor and other anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions.
References
Aswathanarayana, U. (2001). “Water resources management and the environment.” Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Bastiaanssen, W. G., Allen, M. R. G., Droogers, P., D’urso, G., and Steduto, P. (2004). “Inserting man’s irrigation and drainage wisdom into soil water flow models and bringing it back out: How far have we progressed?.” R. A. Feddes, G. H. de Rooij, J. C. van Dam and R. J. Bogers, eds., Unsaturated-zone modeling: Progress, challenges and applications, Wageningen Univ., Wageningen, the Netherlands, 263–299.
Belmans, C., Wesseling, J. G., and Feddes, R. A. (1983). “Simulation model of the water balance of a cropped soil: SWATRE.” J. Hydrol., 63(3–4), 271–286.
Bindlish, R., Thomas, J., Gasiewski, A. J., Klein, M., and Njoku, E. G. (2006). “Soil moisture mapping and AMSR-E validation using the PSR in SMEX02.” Remote Sens. Environ., 103(2), 127–139.
Bos, M. G. (1997). “Performance indicators for irrigation and drainage.” Irrig. Drain. Syst., 11(2), 119–137.
Bos, M. G., and Nugteren, J. (1990). On irrigation efficiencies, 4th ed., ILRI Publication 19, Int. Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 141.
Das, N. N., Entekhabi, D., and Njoku, E. (2011). “An algorithm for merging SMAP radiometer and radar data for high resolution soil moisture retrieval.” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 49(5), 1504–1512.
Dracup, J. A., Lee, K. S., and Paulson, E. G. (1980). “On the statistical characteristics of drought events.” Water Resour. Res., 16(2), 289–296.
Droogers, P., and Bastiaanssen, W. G. M. (2002). “Irrigation performance using hydrological and remote sensing modeling.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 11–18.
Droogers, P., Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., Beyazgül, M., Kayam, Y., Kite, G. W., and Murray-Rust, H. (2000). “Distributed agro-hydrological modeling of an irrigation system in Western Turkey.” Agric. Water Manage., 43(2), 183–202.
Droogers, P., and Kite, G. (1999). “Water productivity from integrated basin modeling.” Irrig. Drain. Syst., 13(3), 275–290.
Efron, B. (1982). “The jackknife, the bootstrap and other resampling plans.” Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA.
Entekhabi, D., et al. (2010). “The soil moisture active passive (SMAP) mission.” Proc. IEEE, 98(5), 704–716.
Feddes, R. A., Kowalik, P. J., and Zarandy, H. (1978). Simulation of field water use and crop yield, Wiley, New York.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (1995). “National mitigation strategy: Partnerships for building safer communities.” Washington, DC.
Goldberg, D. E. (1989). “Genetic algorithms in search and optimization and machine learning.” Addison-Wesley Publishing, New York.
Holland, J. H. (1975). “Adaptation in natural and artificial system.” Univ. of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI.
Ines, A. V. M., Gupta, A. D., and Loof, R. (2002). “Application of GIS and crop growth models in estimating water productivity.” Agric. Water Manage., 54(3), 205–225.
Ines, A. V. M., Honda, K., Gupta, A. D., Droogers, P., and Clemente, R. S. (2006). “Combining remote sensing-simulation modeling and genetic algorithm optimization to explore water management options in irrigated agriculture.” Agric. Water Manage., 83(3), 221–232.
Ines, A. V. M., and Mohanty, B. P. (2008a). “Near-surface soil moisture assimilation to quantify effective soil hydraulic properties using genetic algorithm. I. Conceptual modeling.” Water Resour. Res., 44(6), W06422.
Ines, A. V. M., and Mohanty, B. P. (2008b). “Parameter conditioning with a noisy monte carlo genetic algorithm for estimating effective soil hydraulic properties from space.” Water Resour. Res., 44(8), W08441.
Ines, A. V. M., and Mohanty, B. P. (2009). “Near-surface soil mMoisture assimilation for quantifying effective soil hydraulic properties using genetic algorithms: II. Using airborne remote sensing during SGP97 and SMEX02.” Water Resour. Res., 45(1), W01408.
Jackson, T. (2003). “SMEX02 watershed soil moisture data, Walnut Creek, Iowa.” National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO, 〈http://nsidc.org/〉.
Jackson, T. (2004). “SMEX02 CODIAC soil climate analysis network (SCAN) data, Iowa.” Univ. Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 〈http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/scan/〉.
Kerr, Y. H., Waldteufel, P., Wigneron, J. P., Martinuzzi, J. M., Font, J., and Berger, M. (2001). “Soil moisture retrieval from space: The soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) mission.” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 39(8), 1729–1735.
Kroes, J. G., van Dam, J. C., Huygen, J., and Vervoort, R. W. (1999). “User’s guide of SWAP version 2.0; Simulation of water, solute transport, and plant growth in the soil-atmosphere-plant environment.”, DLO Winand Staring Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Legislative Budget Board. (2011). “Fiscal impact of drought on state agencies and public institutions of higher education, fiscal year 2011.” Austin, TX.
Leij, F. J., Alves, W. J., van Genuchten, M. T., and Williams, J. R. (1999). “The UNSODA unsaturated soil hydraulic database.” Characterization and measurement of the hydraulic properties of unsaturated porous media, M. T. van Genuchten and F. J. Leij, eds., Proc., of Int. Workshop, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA, 1269–1281.
Lettenmaier, D. P., McCabe, G., and Stakhiv, E. Z. (1996). “Global climate change: Effects on hydrologic cycle.” Chapter 29, Water resources handbook, V. Part and L. W. Mays, eds., McGraw-Hill, New York, 29.3–29.33.
Marek, T., Porter, D., Gowda, P. H., and Moorhead, J. (2010). “Assessment of texas evaportranspiration (ET) network.” Texas Water Development Board, Austin, TX, 〈http://texaset.tamu.edu/index.php〉.
McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., and Kliest, J. (1993). “The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales.” 8th Conf. on Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society.
Mishra, A. K., and Desai, V. R. (2005). “Spatial and temporal drought analysis in the Kansabati River Basin, India.” Int. J. River Basin Manage., 3(1), 31–41.
Mishra, A. K., and Singh, V. P. (2009). “Analysis of drought severity-area-frequency curves using a general circulation model and scenario uncertainty.” J. Geophys. Res., 114(D6), D06120.
Molden, D. (1997). “Accounting for water use and productivity, SWIM Paper.” Int. Irrigation Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 1, 16.
Mualem, Y. (1976). “A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media.” Water Resour. Res., 12(3), 513–522.
Narasimhan, B., and Srinivasan, R. (2005). “Development and evaluation of soil moisture deficit index (SMDI) and evapotranspiration deficit index (ETDI) for agricultural drought monitoring.” Agric. Forest Meteorol., 133(1–4), 69–88.
National Atlas of the United States. (2005). “State boundaries of the United States.” Reston, VA, 〈http://nationalatlas.gov/atlasftp.html〉 (Sep. 10, 2013).
Njoku, E. (2008). “AMSR-E/Aqua daily L3 surface soil moisture, interpretive parameters, & QC EASE-Grids V002.” National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO.
Njoku, E. G., Jackson, T. L., Lakshmi, V., Chan, T., and Nghiem, S. V. (2003). “Soil moisture retrieval from AMSR-E.” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 41(2), 215–229.
Prueger, J., et al. (2009). “SMEX02 SMACEX tower meteorological/flux data: Iowa.” Digital media, National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO.
Sarwar, A., Bastiaanssen, W. G. M., Boers, M. T., and van Dam, J. C. (2000). “Evaluating drainage design parameters for the fourth drainage project, Pakistan by using SWAP model: I. Calibration.” Irrig. Drain. Syst., 14(4), 257–280.
Seckler, D. (1996). “The new era of water resources management: from ‘dry’ to ‘wet’ water savings.” Int. Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 17.
Seckler, D., Barker, R., and Amarasinghe, R. (1999). “Water scarcity in the twenty-first century.” Int. J. Water Resour. Dev., 15(1–2), 29–42.
Shin, Y., and Mohanty, B. P. (2013). “Development of a deterministic downscaling algorithm for remote sensing soil moisture footprint using soil and vegetation classifications.” Water Resour. Res., 49(10), 6208–6228.
Shin, Y., Mohanty, B. P., and Ines, A. V. M. (2012). “Soil hydraulic properties in one-dimensional layered soil profile using layer-specific soil moisture assimilation scheme.” Water Resour. Res., 48(6), W06529.
Singh, R., Jhorar, R. K., van Dam, J. C., and Feddes, R. A. (2006a). “Distributed ecohydrological modelling to evaluate irrigation system performance in Sirsa district, India: II. Impact of viable water managements scenarios.” J. Hydrol., 329(3–4), 714–723.
Singh, R., Kroes, J. G., van Dam, J. C., and Feddes, R. A. (2006b). “Distributed ecohydrological modeling to evaluate the performance of irrigation system in Sirsa district, India: Current water management and its productivity, I. Current water management and its productivity.” J. Hydrol., 329(3–4), 692–713.
Svoboda, M., et al. (2002). “The drought monitor.” Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 83, 1181–1190.
United States Geological Survey (USGS). (2006). “What is the NED?” 〈http://ned.usgs.gov/faq.asp#NED〉 (Sep. 13, 2013).
van Dam, J. C. (2000). “Field-scale water flow and solute transport. SWAP model concepts, parameter estimation and case studies.” Ph.D. dissertation, Wageningen Univ., Wageningen, The Netherlands.
van Dam, J. C., et al. (1997). “Theory of SWAP version 2.0: Simulation of water flow and plant growth in the soil-water-atmosphere-plant environment.” Technical Document 45, DLO Winand Staring Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands.
van Genuchten, M. T. (1980). “A closed-form equation foe predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44(5), 892–898.
Wesseling, J. G., and Kroes, J. G. (1998). “A global sensitivity analysis of the model SWAP.”, DLO Winand Staring Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Wilhite, D. A. (2000). “Preparing for drought: A methodology, in Drought.” A Global Assessment, Routledge Hazards Disaster Ser., D. A. Wilhite, ed., Vol. 2, Routledge, Boca Raton, FL, 89–104.
Yevjevich, V. M. (1967). “An objective approach to definitions and investigations of continental hydrologic droughts.” Hydrol. Pap., Vol. 23, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO, 18.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 7 • July 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 24, 2013
Accepted: Jan 28, 2014
Published online: Mar 13, 2014
Published in print: Jul 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Aug 13, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.