Adsorption Efficiency, Isotherms, and Kinetics for Cationic Dye Removal Using Biowaste Adsorbent
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 27, Issue 1
Abstract
Dye pollutants in surface water can inflict serious damages for aquatic life and human health. In the present research, the efficacy of banana peel as biowaste adsorbent for the removal of cationic methyl green dye (MGD) and basic blue 41 dye (BB 41) from synthetic wastewater has been investigated. The banana peel adsorbent (BPA) was synthesized and characterized before and after the adsorption process by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). According to SEM analysis images, the surface structure of BPA is of microrough texture and heterogeneous nature. The spectrum of FTIR analysis referred to the existence of different peaks belonging to various functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxylic, and amines. Adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of various parameters [i.e., contact time, pH, adsorbent (BPA) dose, and the initial concentration of dye] on the removal rate of each dye, and to obtain the optimum operating conditions. The maximum removal efficiency of MGD and BB 41 at optimal operating conditions, when adsorbed onto BPA, were found to be more than 99%. Three isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin) were utilized to exhibit the adsorption process. For both dyes, the Langmuir model was found to have greater suitability with adsorption experiment data. The kinetics of the MGD and BB 41 adsorption onto BPA were examined by utilizing pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetics models. Kinetic calculations revealed that the adsorption of MGD and BB 41 on BPA follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic. The thermodynamic parameters (free energy, enthalpy, and entropy) were determined. The regeneration and reusability study of BPA was carried out and revealed that it can be efficiently reused until the fifth cycle. The simplest method was used for the synthesis of an efficient adsorbent (BPA). For the first time, BPA proved to be an excellent bioadsorbent for the removal of aqueous MGB and BB 41 dyes, as it achieved nearly complete removal.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was scientifically supported by the Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
References
Abate, G. Y., A. N. Alene, A. T. Habte, and D. M. Getahun. 2020. “Adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution onto activated carbon of Catha edulis stem as a low cost bio-adsorbent.” Environ. Syst. Res. 9 (1): 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-020-00191-4.
Akter, M., F. B. A. Rahman, M. Z. Abedin, and S. M. F. Kabir. 2021. “Adsorption characteristics of banana peel in the removal of dyes from textile effluent.” Textiles 1 (2): 361–375. https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles1020018.
Albayati, T. M., G. M. Alwan, and O. S. Mahdy. 2017. “High performance methyl orange capture on magnetic nanoporous MCM-41 prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method.” Korean J. Chem. Eng. 34 (1): 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0231-2.
Albayati, T. M., and K. R. Kalash. 2020. “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorption from wastewater using different types of prepared mesoporous materials MCM-41in batch and fixed bed column.” Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 133: 124–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2019.11.007.
Albayati, T. M., A. A. Sabri, and R. A. Alazawi. 2016. “Separation of methylene blue as pollutant of water by SBA-15 in a fixed-bed column.” Arabian J. Sci. Eng. 41 (7): 2409–2415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1867-7.
Aldegs, Y., M. Elbarghouthi, A. Elsheikh, and G. Walker. 2008. “Effect of solution pH, ionic strength, and temperature on adsorption behavior of reactive dyes on activated carbon.” Dyes Pigm. 77: 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2007.03.001.
Allabaksh, M. B., B. K. Mandal, M. K. Kesarla, K. S. Kumar, and P. S. Reddy. 2010. “Preparation of stable zero valent iron nanoparticles using different chelating agents.” J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 2 (5): 67–74.
Atshan, A. A. 2014. “Adsorption of methyl green dye onto bamboo in batch and continuous system.” Iraqi J. Chem. Pet. Eng. 5 (1): 65–72.
Belgacem, A., I. O. Brahim, M. Belmedani, and H. Hadoun. 2022. “Removal of methyl green dye from aqueous solutions using activated carbon derived from cryogenic crushed waste tires.” Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. 41 (1): 207–219.
Bello, O. S., T. A. Fatona, F. S. Falaye, and O. M. Osuolale. 2012. “Adsorption of eosin dye from aqueous solution using groundnut hull–based activated carbon: Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies.” Environ. Eng. Sci. 29 (3): 186–194. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2010.0385.
Bhattacharyya, K., and A. Sharma. 2005. “Kinetics and thermodynamics of methylene blue adsorption on neem (azadirachta indica) leaf powder.” Dyes Pigm. 65 (1): 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2004.06.016.
Bulut, Y., and H. Aydin. 2006. “A kinetics and thermodynamics study of methylene blue adsorption on wheat shells.” Desalination 194 (1–3): 259–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.10.032.
Dada, A. O., A. P. Olalekan, A. M. Olatunya, and O. Dada. 2012. “Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms studies of equilibrium sorption of Zn2+ unto phosphoric acid modified rice husk.” IOSR J. Appl. Chem. 3 (1): 38–45. https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-0313845.
Dahiru, M., Z. U. Zango, and M. A. Haruna. 2018. “Cationic dyes removal using low-cost banana peel biosorbent.” Am. J. Mater. Sci. 8: 32–38.
El-Latif, M. M., A. A. Ibrahim, and M. M. F. El-Kady. 2010. “Adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using biopolymer oak sawdust composite.” J. Am. Sci. 6 (6): 267.
El-Sayed, G. O. 2011. “Removal of methylene blue and crystal violet from aqueous solutions by palm kernel fiber.” Desalination 272 (1–3): 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.01.025.
Faraji, H., A. A. Mohamadi, H. R. S. Arezomand, and A. H. Mahvi. 2015. “Kinetics and equilibrium studies of the removal of blue basic 41 and methylene blue from aqueous solution using rice stems.” Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. 34 (3): 33–42.
Farghali, A. A., M. Bahgat, W. M. A. El Rouby, and M. H. Khedr. 2013. “Preparation, decoration and characterization of graphene sheets for methyl green adsorption.” J. Alloys Compd. 555: 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.11.190.
Foo, K. Y., and B. H. Hameed. 2012. “Preparation, characterization and evaluation of adsorptive properties of orange peel based activated carbon via microwave induced K2CO3 activation.” Bioresour. Technol. 104: 679–686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.005.
Freundlich, H. M. 1926. Vol. 3 of Colloid capillary chemistry. London: Methuen.
Hamoudi, S. A., B. Hamdi, and J. Brendlé. 2018. “Removal of ions Pb2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solution by containment geomaterials.” In Exergetic, energetic and environmental dimensions, edited by I. Dincer, C. O. Colpan, and O. Kizilkan, 1029–1043. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Hamzezadeh, A., Y. Rashtbari, S. Afshin, M. Morovati, and M. Vosoughi. 2020. “Application of low-cost material for adsorption of dye from aqueous solution.” Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 102: 254–269.
Hashem, A. H., E. Saied, and M. S. Hasanin. 2020. “Green and ecofriendly bio-removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution using biologically activated banana peel waste.” Sustainable Chem. Pharm. 18: 100333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2020.100333.
Humelnicu, I., A. Băiceanu, M.-E. Ignat, and V. Dulman. 2017. “The removal of basic blue 41 textile dye from aqueous solution by adsorption onto natural zeolitic tuff: Kinetics and thermodynamics.” Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 105: 274–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2016.11.016.
Kabir, S. 2018. “Waste management by waste: Removal of acid dyes from wastewaters of textile coloration using fish scales.” Master’s thesis, Dept. of Textiles, Apparel Design and Merchandising, Louisiana State Univ.
Kadhum, S. T., G. Y. Al Kindi, and T. M. Albayati. 2021a. “Eco friendly adsorbents for removal of phenol from aqueous solution employing nanoparticle zero-valent iron synthesized from modified green tea bio-waste and supported on silty clay.” Chin. J. Chem. Eng. 36: 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2020.07.031.
Kadhum, S. T., G. Y. Al Kindi, and T. M. Albayati. 2021b. “Determination of chemical oxygen demand for phenolic compounds from oil refinery wastewater implementing different methods.” Desalin. Water Treat. 231: 44–53. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.27443.
Karaj, I. 2016. “Raw and modified rice husk performance in removal of basic blue 41 from aqueous solutions.” J. Occup. Environ. Health 1: 41–49.
Katheresan, V., J. Kansedo, and S. Y. Lau. 2018. “Efficiency of various recent wastewater dye removal methods: A review.” J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 6 (4): 4676–4697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.06.060.
Langmuir, I. 1916. “The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Part I. Solids.” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 38 (11): 2221–2295. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02268a002.
Laskar, N., and U. Kumar. 2017. “SEM, FTIR and EDAX studies for the removal of safranin dye from water bodies using modified biomaterial-Bambusa tulda.” IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 225: 012105.
Lim, L. B. L., N. Priyantha, D. T. B. Tennakoon, H. I. Chieng, M. K. Dahri, and M. Suklueng. 2017. “Breadnut peel as a highly effective low-cost biosorbent for methylene blue: Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies.” Arabian J. Chem. 10: S3216–S3228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.12.018.
Mafra, M. R., L. Igarashi-Mafra, D. R. Zuim, É. C. Vasques, and M. A. Ferreira. 2013. “Adsorption of remazol brilliant blue on an orange peel adsorbent.” Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 30 (3): 657–665. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-66322013000300022.
Mall, I. D., V. C. Srivastava, N. K. Agarwal, and I. M. Mishra. 2005. “Adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution by bagasse fly ash and activated carbon-kinetic study and equilibrium isotherm analyses.” Colloids Surf., A 264 (1–3): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.03.027.
Mane, V. S., I. Deo Mall, and V. Chandra Srivastava. 2007. “Kinetic and equilibrium isotherm studies for the adsorptive removal of Brilliant Green dye from aqueous solution by rice husk ash.” J. Environ. Manage. 84 (4): 390–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.06.024.
Memon, J. R., S. Q. Memon, M. I. Bhanger, G. Z. Memon, A. El-Turki, and G. C. Allen. 2008. “Characterization of banana peel by scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy and its use for cadmium removal.” Colloids Surf., B 66 (2): 260–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.07.001.
Mondal, N., and S. Kar. 2018. “Potentiality of banana peel for removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solution: Isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics studies.” Appl. Water Sci. 8 (6): 157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0811-x.
Müftüoglu, A. E., B. Karakelle, M. Ergin, A. Y. Erkol, and F. Yilmaz. 2003. “The removal of basic blue 41 dye from aqueous solutions by bituminous shale.” Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. 21 (8): 751–760. https://doi.org/10.1260/026361703773581803.
Munagapati, V. S., V. Yarramuthi, Y. Kim, K. M. Lee, and D.-S. Kim. 2018. “Removal of anionic dyes (Reactive Black 5 and Congo Red) from aqueous solutions using Banana Peel Powder as an adsorbent.” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 148: 601–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.075.
Namasivayam, C., and D. Kavitha. 2002. “Removal of Congo red from water by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from coir pith, an agricultural solid waste.” Dyes Pigm. 54 (1): 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7208(02)00025-6.
Naushad, M., T. Ahamad, Z. A. Alothman, and A. H. Al-Muhtaseb. 2019. “Green and eco-friendly nanocomposite for the removal of toxic Hg(II) metal ion from aqueous environment: Adsorption kinetics & isotherm modelling.” J. Mol. Liq. 279: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.01.090.
Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, A., and Z. Shams-Ghahfarokhi. 2013. “Photodegradation of methyl green by nickel-dimethylglyoxime/ZSM-5 zeolite as a heterogeneous catalyst.” J. Chem. 2013: 104093.
Oyekanmi, A. A., A. Ahmad, K. Hossain, and M. Rafatullah. 2019. “Adsorption of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution onto acid treated banana peel: Response surface methodology, kinetics and isotherm studies.” PLoS One 14 (5): e0216878. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216878.
Pathania, D., S. Sharma, and P. Singh. 2017. “Removal of methylene blue by adsorption onto activated carbon developed from Ficus carica bast.” Arabian J. Chem. 10: S1445–S1451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.021.
Pirkarami, A., and M. E. Olya. 2017. “Removal of dye from industrial wastewater with an emphasis on improving economic efficiency and degradation mechanism.” J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 21: S179–S186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2013.12.008.
Rida, K., K. Chaibeddra, and K. Cheraitia. 2020. “Adsorption of cationic dye methyl green from aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from Brachychiton Populneus fruit shell.” Indian J. Chem. Technol. 27: 51–59.
Sartape, A. S., A. M. Mandhare, V. V. Jadhav, P. D. Raut, M. A. Anuse, and S. S. Kolekar. 2017. “Removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution with adsorption technique using Limonia acidissima (wood apple) shell as low cost adsorbent.” Arabian J. Chem. 10: S3229–S3238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.12.019.
Sayed, S. A., L. B. Khalil, and T. El-Nabarawy. 2012. “Removal of reactive blue 19 dye from aqueous solution using natural and modified orange peel.” Carbon Lett. 13 (4): 212–220. https://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2012.13.4.212.
Şentürk, I., and M. Alzein. 2020. “Adsorptive removal of basic blue 41 using pistachio shell adsorbent - Performance in batch and column system.” Sustainable Chem. Pharm. 16: 100254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2020.100254.
Shar, Z. H., M. T. Fletcher, G. A. Sumbal, S. T. H. Sherazi, C. Giles, M. I. Bhanger, and S. M. Nizamani. 2016. “Banana peel: An effective biosorbent for aflatoxins.” Food Addit. Contam., Part A 33 (5): 849–860. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2016.1175155.
Sharma, P., B. K. Saikia, and M. R. Das. 2014. “Removal of methyl green dye molecule from aqueous system using reduced graphene oxide as an efficient adsorbent: Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamic parameters.” Colloids Surf., A 457: 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.05.054.
Stavrinou, A., C. A. Aggelopoulos, and C. D. Tsakiroglou. 2020. “A methodology to estimate the sorption parameters from batch and column tests: The case study of methylene blue sorption onto banana peels.” Processes 8 (11): 1467. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8111467.
Wong, S., N. Ghafar, N. Ngadi, F. Razmi, M. Inuwa, R. Mat, and N. Amin. 2020. “Effective removal of anionic textile dyes using adsorbent synthesized from coffee waste.” Sci. Rep. 10: 2928. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60021-6.
Yao, Y., H. Bing, Xu, F., and X. Chen. 2011. “Equilibrium and kinetic studies of methyl orange adsorption on multiwalled carbon nanotubes.” Chem. Eng. J. 170 (1): 82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.03.031.
Zamri, M. Z. A., N. Y. Yahya, R. S. Ramli, N. Ngadi, and M. Widia. 2019. “Characterization of Banana peels waste adsorbent for preliminary study of methylene blue removal from aqueous solution.” IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 697 (1): 012033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/697/1/012033.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 27 • Issue 1 • January 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 18, 2022
Accepted: Aug 13, 2022
Published online: Oct 10, 2022
Published in print: Jan 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Mar 10, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.