Assessment of Background Radiation in Ojota Chemical Market, Lagos, Nigeria
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 27, Issue 1
Abstract
The monitoring of radiation levels in human-inhabited environments is imperative to avoid public exposure. The activity concentration of primordial radionuclides at Ojota Chemical Market was measured to determine the in situ activity of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in ambient air using an RS-125 Super SPEC gamma spectrometry with global positioning system. The measured absorbed dose rates ranged from 28.35 to 106.55 nGy/h, giving an average value of 70.46 nGy/h. The estimated absorbed dose rate spanned from 22.25 to 101.03 nGy/h with a mean value of 65.50 nGy/h. The average concentrations of 40K, 238U, and 232Th were 458.55, 30.26, and 54.77 Bq/kg respectively. The outdoor and indoor absorbed doses averaged 80.39 and 132.55 µSv/y, respectively, and the mean value of excess lifetime cancer risk was 0.26 × 10−6 µSv/y. The external and internal hazard index averaged 0.39 and 0.47, respectively, and the mean annual gonadal dose equivalent was 465.14 µSv/y. The radium equivalent dose averaged 143.45 Bq/kg while the gamma representative index averaged 1.05. The absorbed dose rate, mean concentration of 40K and 232Th, the average values of excess lifetime cancer risk, the annual gonadal dose equivalent, and the gamma representative index were above the permissible limit as set by the radiation regulatory agencies. The study concluded that the human activities in Ojota Chemical Market might have increased the radiation burden of the community.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the support of Covenant University Centre for Research and Innovative Discovery.
References
Dione, D., M. Mbaye, M. L. Sane, C. Ahmadou, B. Dath, and A. S. N. Dao. 2018. “Survey of activity concentration and dose estimation of naturally occurring radionuclides (232Th, 238U and 40K) in the Coastal area of Dakar, Senegal.” Indian J. Sci. Technol. 11 (40): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2018/v11i40/131537.
Donya, M., M. Radford, A. EIGuindy, D. Firmin, and M. H. Yacoub. 2014. “Radiation in medicine: Origins, risks and aspirations.” Glob. Cardiol. Sci. Pract. 2014: 437–448. https://doi.org/10.5339/gcsp.2014.57.
Durusoy, A., and M. Yildirim. 2017. “Determination of radioactivity concentrations in soil samples and dose assessment for Rize Province, Turkey.” J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 10 (4): 348–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2017.09.005.
El-Taher, A., H. M. H. Zakly, and R. Elsman. 2018. “Environmental implications and spatial distribution of natural radionuclides and heavy metals in sediments from four harbours in the Egyptian Red Sea coast.” Appl. Radiat. Isot. 131: 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.09.024.
Familusi, T., I. Abioye, W. Adeyemi, G. Yusuf, and O. Odusina. 2015. “Verification of natural radionuclides content of soil samples at purechem cement factory site and its immediate environment in Ogun state.” Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol. 27 (2): 50–58.
He, G., I. J. C. Boas, A. P. J. Mol, and Y. Lu. 2018. “What drives public acceptance of chemical industrial park policy and project in China?” Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 138: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.06.023.
Ibikunle, S., A. Arogunjo, and J. Lajuwomi. 2019. “Isodose mapping and its radiological implications in Lagos state, Nigeria.” Int. J. Radiat. Res. 17 (3): 421–429. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.ijrr.17.3.421.
Ibrahim, M. H., and S. A. R. Rizvi. 2015. “Emissions and trade in Southeast and East Asian countries: A panel co-integration analysis.” Int. J. Clim. Change Strategies Manage. 7: 460–475. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-11-2013-0131.
Ilori, A., and S. Alausa. 2019. “Estimation of natural radionuclides in grasses, soils, and cattle-dungs from a cattle rearing-field at Mangoro-Agege, Lagos State, Nigeria.” FUW Trends Sci. Technol. J. 4 (1): 018–024. https://doi.org/10.7537/marscbj090419.09.
Kaur, I., A. Gupta, B. P. Singh, S. Sharma, and A. Kumar. 2019. “Assessment of radon and potentially toxic metals in agricultural soils of Punjab, India.” Microchem. J. 146: 444–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.028.
Lopez, J. M., A. Sakhel, and T. Busch. 2017. “Corporate investments and environmental regulation: The role of regulatory uncertainty, regulation-induced uncertainty, and investment history.” Eur. Manage. J. 35 (1): 91–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2016.06.004.
Masindi, V., and K. L. Muedi. 2018. “Environmental contamination by heavy metals.” Heavy Metals 10: 115–132. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76082.
Ogunremi, A. B., M. A. Olaoye, A. A. Umar, K. A. Adewoyin, and G. J. Chukwu. 2021. “Natural radionuclide concentrations and associated doses around three dumpsites in Lagos, Nigeria.” J. Res. Rev. Sci. 8: 63–69. https://doi.org./10.36108/jrrslasu/1202.80.0190.
Oladapo, O. O., E. A. Oni, A. A. Olawoyin, O. O. Akerele, and S. A. Tijani. 2012. “Assessment of natural radionuclides level in wasteland soils around olusosun dumpsite Lagos, Nigeria.” OSR J. Appl. Phys. 2 (3): 38–43. https://doi.org./10.9790/4861-0233843.
Olise, F. S., A. C. Onumejor, A. Akinlua, and O. K. Owoade. 2013. “Geochemistry and health burden of radionuclides and trace metals in shale samples from the North-Western Niger Delta.” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 295 (2): 871–881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-1875-y.
Omeje, M., et al. 2021. “Measurements of seasonal variations of radioactivity distributions in riverine soil sediment of Ado- odo- ota, South- west, Nigeria: Probabilistic approach using Monte-Carlo.” Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 193 (2): 76–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncab027.
Orosun, M. 2021. “Assesment of arsenic and its associated health risk due to mining activities in parts of North- central Nigeria: Probabilistic approach using Monte-Carlo.” J. Hazard Mater. 412: 125262. https://doi.org./10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125262.
Orosun, M., T. Ajibola, F. Akinyose, O. Osanyinlusi, O. Afolayan, and M. Mahmud. 2021a. “Assessment of ambient gamma radiation dose and annual effective dose associated with radon in drinking water from gold and lead mining area of Moro, North – central Nigeria.” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 328: 129–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-07644-9.
Orosun, M. M., K. J. Oyewumi, M. R. Usikalu, and C. A. Onumejor. 2020a. “Dataset on radioactivity measurement of Beryllium mining field in Ifelodun and Gold mining field in Moro, Kwara State, North-central Nigeria.” Data Brief 31: 105888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105888.
Orosun, M. M., M. R. Usikalu, K. J. Oyewumi, and J. A. Achuka. 2020b. “Radioactivity levels and transfer factor for granite mining field in Asa, North-central Nigeria.” Heliyon 6 (6): e04240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04240.
Orosun, M., M. Usikalu, K. Oyewumi, and O. Oladapo. 2021b. “Radiological hazard assessment of sharp- sand from Ilorin- East Kwara state, Nigeria.” J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1734 (1): 012040. https//doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1734/1/012040.
Oyeyemi, K., M. Usikalu, A. Aizebeokhai, J. Achuka, and O. Jonathan. 2017. “Measurements of radioactivity levels in part of Ota Southwestern Nigeria: Implications for radiological hazards indices and excess lifetime cancer-risks.” J. Phys. IOP Conf. Ser. 852: 012042. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/852/1/012042.
Reisz, J. A., N. Bansal, J. Oran, W. Zhao, and C. M. Furdui. 2014. “Effects of ionizing radiation on biological molecules—mechanisms of damage and emerging methods of detection.” Antioxid. Redox Signaling 21 (2): 260–292. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2013.5489.
Shi, J., M. Zhang, D. Li, and J. Liu. 2018. “A method to determine the protection zone of chemical industrial park considering air quality, health risk and environmental risk: A case study.” Environ. Geochem. Health 40: 915–922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-0026-3.
Singh, B., J. Singh, and A. Kaur. 2013. “Application of radioisotopes in agriculture.” Int. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. Res. 4 (3): 167–174.
Taskin, H., M. Karavus, P. Ay, A. Topuzoglu, S. Hidiroglu, and G. Karahan. 2009. “Radionuclide concentrations in soil and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Kirklareli, Turkey.” J. Environ. Radioact. 100 (1): 49–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.10.012.
UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of Atomic Radiation). 2000. Sources, effect and risk of ionizing radiation.” Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes B: Exposure from Natural Radiation Sources. New York: UNSCEAR.
USEPA. 2001. Guidance for characterizing background chemicals in soil at superfund sites. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington, DC: USEPA. OSWER Directive 9285.7-41, 2001.
Usikalu, M. R., C. A. Enemuwe, R. O. Morakinyo, M. M. Orosun, T. A. Adagunodo, and J. A. Achuka. 2020. “Background radiation from 238U, 232Th, and 40K in Bells Area and Canaan City, Ota, Nigeria.” Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci. 8 (E): 678–684. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5434.
Usikalu, M. R., I. A. Fuwape, S. S. Jatto, O. F. Awe, A. B. Rabiu, and J. A. Achuka. 2017. “Assessment of radiological parameters of soil in Kogi State, Nigeria.” Environ. Forensics 18 (1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2016.1263898.
Yang, T., Y. Ren, L. Shi, and G. Wang. 2018. “The circular transformation of chemical industrial parks: An integrated evaluation framework and 20 cases in China.” J. Cleaner Prod. 196: 763–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.099.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 27 • Issue 1 • January 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 3, 2022
Accepted: Aug 6, 2022
Published online: Oct 10, 2022
Published in print: Jan 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Mar 10, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.