Enhancing Arsenic Phytoextraction of Dwarf Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) from Gold Mine Tailings by Electrokinetics Remediation with Phosphate and EDTA
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 25, Issue 4
Abstract
In order to study the efficiency of arsenic (As) removal from gold-mine tailings by electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation (EAPR), a constant direct current (DC) electric field of 1 V/cm (3 h per day) was applied to dwarf Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) seedling pots. Furthermore, the influence of the enhancing agent on As uptake was compared with the addition of at levels of 0.7 (P1), 1.4 (P2), and 2.8 (P3) mmol/kg, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at levels of 2.5 (E1), 5 (E2), and 10 (E3) mmol/kg. The increase in the enhancing agent level resulted in a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in aboveground biomass and SPAD values. This was due to the high levels of the enhancing agent inducing a high As concentration in the aboveground parts of the grass. The optimum level of P2 caused the labile As at the anode to form mainly in the charged species throughout the experiment. This caused P2 to have 2.62 µg/g of As in its aboveground parts, which was 38.93% of the total accumulated As. The optimum level of E1 returned a similar As concentration of 2.27 µg/g in the aboveground parts, which was 41.34% of the total accumulated As, corresponding to the highest translocation factor (TF). Moreover, As K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of mine tailings at the anodes of P2 and E1 indicated that the oxidation of As(−I) to As(V) increased. This caused As in mine tailings to be more phytoavailable and also enhanced the translocation of As from the underground to the aboveground parts of the grass.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Fund (Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund), Grant No. GCUGR1125623105D. We gratefully thank the Research Unit of Green Mining Management (GMM) for the additional funds. We thank the Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University (ERIC), and the Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, for their facilities and scientific equipment support. We wish to thank the scientific staff at Beamline 1.1W at the Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, for assisting with the XANES spectroscopy analysis.
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Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 25 • Issue 4 • October 2021
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© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: May 3, 2021
Accepted: Jun 5, 2021
Published online: Jul 6, 2021
Published in print: Oct 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Dec 6, 2021
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