Hydraulic and Contraction Scour Analysis of a Meandering Channel: James River Bridges near Mitchell, South Dakota
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 12
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) depth-averaged river model Finite-Element Surface-Water Modeling System (FESWMS) was used to simulate the hydraulic conditions at a contracted bridge site. The site studied was the James River bridges near Mitchell, South Dakota. The parallel bridges are located in a crossing between the two bends of a meander. The floodplain alignment relative to the channel and skewed bridges produces complex 2D flow patterns that cannot be predicted accurately by using a one-dimensional (1D) river model. The 2D model was validated by using flow measurements collected by the USGS during three high-flow events with return periods ranging from 25 to 100 years. The validated model was used to examine the site characteristics that influence the concentrated flow on the right side of the main channel and the exchange of flow between the main channel and floodplains. The rating curves derived from the 2D model and the results of soil erosion tests were used to evaluate live-bed and clear-water contraction scour at the bridge site. The scour analysis was conducted by using the equations in Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18 (HEC-18) and a method that accounts for the soil erodibility by using a curve of measured erosion rate versus shear stress. The study found that channel meandering, the no-flow boundary condition imposed by the walls of the river valley and skewed roadway embankment, and the dense trees along the left bank are the three main factors that create the unique hydraulic conditions at the bridge site. It is shown that using a 2D flow model could improve the estimation of contraction scour by providing more accurate information on the hydraulic parameters. The predicted scour depth was very sensitive to the critical shear stress and slope of the curve of erosion rate versus shear stress. Therefore, design should incorporate uncertainty in soil properties. It is also shown that an unsteady-flow approach to scour would produce a more realistic curve of predicted scour depth versus time. However, the cumulative effects of multiple flood events must be evaluated if time-dependent scour is used in design.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of SDDOT and the Mountain-Plains Consortium (MPC) for sponsoring this study. Paul Boyd (USACE Omaha District), Allen Jones (South Dakota State University), David Mueller (USGS), Mary O’Neill (South Dakota State University), and Ryan Thompson (USGS) have assisted in various phases of the study. Their assistance is greatly appreciated. The authors also thank the associate editor and anonymous reviewers for their instructive comments and suggestions.
References
Arneson, L. A., Zevenbergen, L. W., Lagasse, P. F., and Clopper, P. E. (2012). “Evaluating scour at bridges.” Hydraulic engineering circular No. 18, 5th Ed., Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
Briaud, J.-L. (2008). “Case histories in soil and rock erosion: Woodrow Wilson Bridge, Brazos River Meander, Normandy Cliffs, and New Orleans Levees.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 134(10), 1425–1447.
Gosselin, M., Sheppard, D. M., and McLemore, S. (2006). “Criteria for selecting hydraulic models.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Güven, O., Melville, J. G., and Curry, J. E. (2002). “Analysis of clear-water scour at bridge contractions in cohesive soils.”, Transportation Research Record, National Research Council, Washington DC.
Harris, D. T. (2005). “Numerical model evaluations of cumulative contraction scour at a bridge site with cohesive soils.” M.S. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL.
Larsen, R. J., Ting, F. C. K., and Jones, A. L. (2011). “Flow velocity and pier scour prediction in a compound channel: Big Sioux River Bridge at Flandreau, South Dakota.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 137(5), 595–605.
Morales, R., and Ettema, R. (2013). “Insights form depth-averaged numerical simulation of flow at bridge abutments in compound channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 139(5), 470–481.
Rossell, R. P. (2012). “Two-dimensional flow modeling of the James River at the State Route 37 bridge crossing north of Mitchell.” M.S. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD.
Sando, S. K., Driscoll, D. G., and Parrett, C. (2008). “Peak-flow frequency estimates based on data through water year 2001 for selected streamflow-gaging stations in South Dakota.”, USGS, Reston, VA.
Wagner, C. R. (2007). “Simulation of water-surface elevations and velocity distributions at the U.S. Highway 13 bridge over the Tar River at Greenville, North Carolina, using one- and two-dimensional steady-state hydraulic models.”, USGS.
Wagner, C. R., Mueller, D. S., Parola, A. C., Hagerty, D. J., and Benedict, S. T. (2006). “Scour at contracted bridges.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 20, 2012
Accepted: Jun 11, 2013
Published online: Jun 13, 2013
Discussion open until: Nov 13, 2013
Published in print: Dec 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.