Turbulent Bed Shear Stress under Symmetric and Asymmetric Waves: Experimental and Numerical Results
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 137, Issue 9
Abstract
A new instrument built to directly measure the bottom shear stress under different conditions of periodic waves is presented. Similar to classical Taylor’s cylindrical viscosimeter, the instrument is formed by two concentric cylinders, and the space between them is filled with water. The internal cylinder is fixed whereas the external cylinder, with a specific roughness, rotates following a given unsteady velocity time history. The shear stress at the outer cylinder wall is measured by using a torque meter. Both monochromatic and sawtooth-shaped waves have been tested, and the experimental shear stress time histories were compared with the results obtained from a numerical model.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Balearic Island Government (Direcció General de Recerca) for financial support through grants UNSPECIFIEDCAPA and CAPA2. Also, A. Galan is indebted to Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) through the Junta Ampliación de Estudios (JAE) pre-grant program.
References
Byatt-Smith, J. G. B. (1971). “The effect of laminar viscosity on the solution of the undular bore.” J. Fluid Mech., 48(1), 33–40.
Fredsoe, J., and Deigaard, R. (1992). Mechanics of coastal sediment transport, World Scientific, New York.
Graf, W. H., and Altinakar, M. S. (1998). Fluvial hydraulics, Wiley, Chichester, U.K.
Grant, W. D., and Madsen, O. S. (1979). “Combined wave and current interaction with a rough bottom.” J. Geophys. Res., 84(C4), 1797–1808.
Henderson, F. M. (1966). Open channel flow, Prentice Hall, New York.
Jensen, B. L. (1989). “Experimental investigation of turbulent oscillatory boundary layers.” Series paper 45, Institute of Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Engineering, Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Jonsson, I. G. (1966). “Wave boundary layer and friction factors.” Proc., 10th Int. Coastal Engineering Conf., Tokyo, 127–148.
Jonsson, I. G., and Carlsen, N. A. (1976). “Experimental and theoretical investigations in an oscillatory rough turbulent boundary.” J. Hydraul. Res., 14(1), 45–60.
Justesen, P. (1988). “Turbulent wave boundary layers.” Series paper 43, Institute of Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Engineering, Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
Kajiura, K. (1964). “On the bottom friction in an oscillatory current.” Bull. Earthquake Res. Inst., Univ. Tokyo, 42(99), 147–174.
Kamphuis, J. W. (1975). “Friction factor under oscillatory layer.” J. Waterw., Harbors Coastal Eng. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 101, 135–144.
Keulegan, G. H. (1949). “Gradual damping of solitary wave.” J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 40(6), 487–498.
Kushnir, V. M. (2005). “Structure of the wave bottom boundary layer over smooth and rough beds.” Phys. Oceanogr., 15(6), 370–382.
Liu, P. L.-F., and Orfila, A. (2004). “Viscous effects on transient long wave propagation.” J. Fluid Mech., 520(1), 83–92.
Liu, P. L.-F., Simarro, G., Vandever, J., and Orfila, A. (2006). “Experimental and numerical investigations of viscous effects on solitary wave propagation in a wave tank.” Coastal Eng., 53(2-3), 181–190.
Malarkey, J., and Davies, A. G. (1998). “Modelling wave-current interactions in rough turbulent bottom boundary layers.” Ocean Eng., 25(2-3), 119–141.
Mirfenderesk, H., and Young, I. R. (2003). “Direct measurements of the bottom friction factor beneath surface gravity waves.” Appl. Ocean Res., 25(5), 269–287.
Naughton, J. W., and Sheplak, M. (2002). “Modern developments in shear-stress measurement.” Prog. Aerosp. Sci., 38(6-7), 515–570.
Nielsen, P. (1992). Coastal bottom boundary layers and sediment transport, World Scientific, Singapore.
Nielsen, P., and Callaghan, D. P. (2003). “Shear stress and sediment transport calculations for sheet flow under waves.” Coastal Eng., 47(3), 347–354.
Orfila, A., Simarro, G., and Liu, P. L.-F. (2007). “Bottom friction and its effects on periodic long wave propagation.” Coastal Eng., 54(11), 856–864.
Rankin, K. L., and Hires, R. (2000). “Laboratory measurement of bottom shear stress on a movable bed.” J. Geophys. Res., 105(C7), 17011–17019.
Riedel, H. P. (1972). “Direct measurement of bed shear stress under waves.” Ph.D. thesis, Queen’s Univ., Kingston, Ontario.
Sheplak, M., Cattafesta, L., Nishida, T., and McGinley, C. B. (2004). “MEMS shear stress sensors: Promise and progress.” 24th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference., Reston, VA, A074764.
Simarro, G., Orfila, A., and Liu, P. L.-F. (2008). “Bed shear stress under wave-current turbulent boundary layer.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 134(2), 225–230.
Simons, R. R., Grass, T. J., and Mansour-Tehrani, M. (1992). “Bottom shear stresses in the boundary layers under waves and currents crossing at right angles.” Proc., 23rd Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, ASCE, Reston, VA, 604–617.
Sleath, J. F. A. (1987). “Turbulent oscillatory flow over rough beds.” J. Fluid Mech., 182(1), 369–409.
Sleath, J. F. A. (1988). “Transition in oscillatory flow over rough beds.” J. Waterw., Harbors Coastal Eng. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 114(1), 18–33.
Suntoyo, Tanaka, H., and Sana, A. (2008). “Characteristics of turbulent boundary layers over a rough bed under saw-tooth waves and its application to sediment transport.” Coastal Eng., 55(12), 1102–1112.
Wilcox, D. C. (2004). Turbulence modeling for CFD. DCW Industries, Inc., La Cañada, CA.
You, Z. J., and Yin, B. S. (2005). “Direct measurements of bottom shear stress under water waves.” J. Coastal Res., 50, 1132–1136.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 137 • Issue 9 • September 2011
Pages: 986 - 994
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 10, 2010
Accepted: Dec 17, 2010
Published online: Dec 20, 2010
Published in print: Sep 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.