Prediction of Radial Consolidation Settlement with Consideration of Sampling Range Effect: Updated Observational Methods
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 147, Issue 12
Abstract
This study investigated the disadvantages of existing observational methods using theoretical (radial consolidation solution) and actual (radial consolidation test with 24-h duration) settlement data. Sampling ranges taken from actual settlement data significantly affected the predicted values of ultimate consolidation settlement () and consolidation coefficient (), in an opposite result to those of the theoretical data. Thus, the modification of the Asaoka and exponential methods and a linear-rule method are proposed to resolve such a limitation and to apply short- and long-term measured settlement data. The applicability of the proposed methods was verified further by applying the methods to two field records and comparing the monitored and back-analyzed time–settlement curves. The three actual cases indicated that as the traces of the ultimate settlement versus sampling range inclined downward, the effects of sampling range and the proposed methods on the and values increased. Correlations between the measured and back-analyzed time–settlement curves varied according to the characteristics of actual curves and the newly proposed methods. Therefore, applying the three proposed methods to a set of measured data and then selecting one of the predicted values is recommended for practical applications.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) Research Program grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (NRF-2020R1I1A3074225).
References
Arulrajah, A., H. Nikraz, and M. W. Bo. 2004. “Factors affecting field instrumentation assessment of marine clay treated with prefabricated vertical drains.” Geotext. Geomembr. 22 (5): 415–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2003.09.001.
Asaoka, A. 1978. “Observational procedure of settlement prediction.” Soils Found. 18 (4): 87–101. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.18.4_87.
Barron, R. A. 1948. “Consolidation of fine-grained soils by drains wells.” Trans., ASCE 113 (Oct): 2346. https://doi.org/10.1061/TACEAT.0006098.
Bergado, D. T., A. Balasubramaniam, R. J. Fannin, and R. D. Holtz. 2002. “Prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) in soft Bangkok clay: A case study of the new Bangkok International Airport project.” Can. Geotech. J. 39 (2): 304–315. https://doi.org/10.1139/t01-100.
Bergado, D. T., A. S. Enriquez, C. L. Sampaco, M. C. Alfaro, and A. S. Balasubramaniam. 1992. “Inverse analysis of geotechnical parameters on improved soft Bangkok clay.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 118 (7): 1012–1030. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1992)118:7(1012).
Berry, P. L., and W. B. Wilkinson. 1969. “The radial consolidation of clay soils.” Géotechnique 19 (2): 253–284. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1969.19.2.253.
Bo, M. W., J. Chu, B. K. Low, and V. Choa. 2003. Soil improvement: Prefabricated vertical drain techniques. Singapore: Thomson.
Chai, J.-C., S.-L. Shen, N. Miura, and D. T. Bergado. 2001. “Simple method of modeling PVD-improved subsoil.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 127 (11): 965–972. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:11(965).
Chen, J., S.-L. Shen, Z.-Y. Yin, Y. S. Xu, and S. Horpibulsuk. 2016. “Evaluation of effective depth of PVD improvement in soft clay deposit: A field case study.” Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. 34 (5): 420–430. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2015.1016638.
Chung, S. G., H. J. Kweon, and W. Y. Jang. 2014a. “Hyperbolic fit method for interpretation of piezocone dissipation tests.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 140 (1): 251–254. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000967.
Chung, S. G., H. J. Kweon, and W. Y. Jang. 2014b. “Observational method for field performance of prefabricated vertical drains.” Geotext. Geomembr. 42 (4): 405–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2014.06.005.
Chung, S. G., N. K. Lee, and S. R. Kim. 2009. “Hyperbolic method for prediction of prefabricated vertical drains performance.” J. Geotech.Geoenviron. Eng. 135 (10): 1519–1528. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000042.
Chung, S. G., T. R. Park, D. Y. Hwang, and H. J. Kweon. 2019. “Full-match method to determine the coefficient of radial consolidation.” Geotech. Test. J. 42 (5): 1298–1313. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ20170459.
Edil, T. B., P. J. Fox, and L. T. Lan. 1991. “Observational procedure for settlement of peat.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on Geotechnical Engineering for Coastal Development Theory and Practice on Soft Ground, 165–170. Yokohama, Japan: Port and Harbour Research Institute.
Eriksson, U., S. Hansbo, and B.-A. Torstenson. 2000. “Soil improvement at Stockholm-Arlanda airport.” Ground Improv. 4 (2): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1680/grim.2000.4.2.73.
Hansbo, S. 1979. “Consolidation of clay by band shaped prefabricated drains.” Ground Eng. 12 (5): 16–25.
Hansbo, S., M. Jamiolkowski, and L. Kok. 1981. “Consolidation by vertical drains.” Géotechnique 31 (1): 45–66. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1981.31.1.45.
Hiep, H., and S. G. Chung. 2018. “Back-analysis of geotechnical parameters on PVD-improved ground in the Mekong Delta.” Geotext. Geomembr. 46 (4): 402–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2018.03.005.
Hwang, D. Y. 2017. “Back-analysis of consolidation parameters of PVD-improved grounds.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Dong-A Univ.
Kang, H. B. 2020. “Consolidation characteristics of Busan clay via consolidation tests with radial drainage.” MSc dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Dong-A Univ.
Lee, N. K., and S. G. Chung. 2010. “Reevaluation of the factors influencing the consolidation of ground by incorporating prefabricated vertical drains.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 14 (2): 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-010-0155-z.
Lo, D. O. K. 1991. “Soil improvement by vertical drains.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.
Magnan, J. P., G. Pilot, and D. Queyroi. 1983. “Back analysis of soil consolidation around vertical drains.” In Proc., 8th ECSMFE, 653–658, Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema.
Onoue, A. 1988. “Consolidation by vertical drains taking well resistance and smear into consideration.” Soils Found. 28 (4): 165–174. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.28.4_165.
Saowapakpiboon, J., D. T. Bergado, S. Youwai, J. C. Chai, P. Wanthong, and P. Voottipruex. 2010. “Measured and predicted performance of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) with and without vacuum preloading.” Geotext. Geomembr. 28 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.08.002.
Sridharan, A., N. S. Murthy, and K. Prakash. 1987. “Rectangular hyperbola method of consolidation analysis.” Géotechnique 37 (3): 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1987.37.3.355.
Stark, T. D., T. A. Williamson, J. Fowler, D. Pezza, and Y. Gibbons. 1999. “Prefabricated vertical-drain test section in Craney Island Dredged Material Management Area.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 13 (1): 8–16. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(1999)13:1(8).
Tan, T.-S., T. Inoue, and S.-L. Lee. 1991. “Hyperbolic method for consolidation analysis.” J. Geotech. Eng. 117 (11): 1723–1737. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:11(1723).
Xie, K. H. 1987. “Sand drained ground: Analytical and numerical solutions and optimal design.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Zhejijang Univ.
Yoshikuni, H., and H. Nakanodo. 1974. “Consolidation of soils by vertical drain wells with finite permeability.” Soils Found. 14 (2): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.14.2_35.
Yune, C. Y., and C. K. Chung. 2006. “Consolidation test at constant rate of strain for radial drainage.” Geotechnical Test. J. 28 (1): 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ11922.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 147 • Issue 12 • December 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 2, 2020
Accepted: Aug 17, 2021
Published online: Sep 28, 2021
Published in print: Dec 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Feb 28, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- S. G. Chung, H. J. Kweon, Prediction of Three-Dimensional Consolidation Settlement: Observational Method and Its Applicability, International Journal of Geomechanics, 10.1061/IJGNAI.GMENG-7918, 23, 3, (2023).
- Yan-ning Wang, Hao-ran Qin, Lin-shuang Zhao, Full-Scale Loading Test of Jet Grouting in the Artificial Island–Immersed Tunnel Transition Area of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Sea Link, International Journal of Geomechanics, 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002625, 23, 2, (2023).