Data Reduction and Dynamic Curves of Helical Piles from Large-Scale Shake Table Tests
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 10
Abstract
A helical pile is composed of a steel shaft and single or multiple helical plates welded to its shaft. This study investigated full-scale seismic soil reactions for helical piles embedded in dry sand. Ten helical and driven piles were installed in sand enclosed in a laminar shear box mounted on a large outdoor shake table. The paper discusses interpretation of the seismic loading data and the derived dynamic curves. It examined different curve-fitting formulations utilized for interpretation of pile deformation and soil reactions from measured strains during the tests. An optimum curve-fitting function was selected considering the current test setup and was used to establish soil resistance along the pile shaft and the corresponding curves under simulated earthquake records. The influences of loading frequency, loading intensity, installation method, number of helices, shaft shape, and coupling type on the dynamic curves were evaluated. It was found that the loading frequency and intensity had no effect on the dynamic curves, whereas the installation method, number of helices, and pile shaft shape had minor effects on the obtained dynamic curves.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors express their gratitude for all financial support provided by the Helical Pile and Tiebacks Committee (HPTC) members through the Deep Foundation Institute’s (DFI) Special Projects Fund, as well as the National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grant No. 1624153). Furthermore, the authors appreciate all the help donating, transporting, and installing the piles and concrete masses provided by Torcsill Foundations LLC, Ram Jack Foundation, Magnum Piering, Hubbell-Chance, and AMSquared Construction. Finally yet importantly, the authors thank all staff at the NEES/UCSD shaking table facility.
References
Abdelghany, Y., and M. H. El Naggar. 2010. “Monotonic and cyclic behavior of helical screw piles under axial and lateral loading.”In Proc., 5th Int. Conf. on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 24–29. Rolla, MO: Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology.
Abdelghany, Y., and M. H. El Naggar. 2011. “Steel fibers reinforced grouted and fiber reinforced polymer helical screw piles—A new dimension for deep foundations seismic performance.” In Proc., Geo-Frontiers 2011: Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, 103–112. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Bouafia, A., and J. Garnier. 1991. “Experimental study of PY curves for piles in sand.” In Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on the Geotechnical Modelling in Centrifuge Centrifuge ’91, 261–268. Boulder, CO: Univ. of Colorado.
Choo, Y. W., and D. Kim. 2015. “Experimental development of the relationship for large-diameter offshore monopiles in sands: Centrifuge tests.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 142 (1): 4015058. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001373.
Dou, H., and P. M. Byrne. 1996. “Dynamic response of single piles and soil–pile interaction.” Can. Geotech. J. 33 (1): 80–96. https://doi.org/10.1139/t96-025.
Elkasabgy, M., and M. H. El Naggar. 2013. “Dynamic response of vertically loaded helical and driven steel piles.” Can. Geotech. J. 50 (5): 521–535. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2011-0126.
Elkasabgy, M., and M. H. El Naggar. 2015. “Axial compressive response of large-capacity helical and driven steel piles in cohesive soil.” Can. Geotech. J. 52 (2): 224–243. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0331.
Elkasabgy, M., and M. H. El Naggar. 2018. “Lateral vibration of helical and driven steel piles installed in cohesive soils.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 144 (9): 06018009. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001899.
Elsawy, M. K., M. H. El Naggar, A. Cerato, and A. Elgamal. 2019. “Seismic performance of helical piles in dry sand from large scale shake table tests.” Geotechnique 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.18.P.001.
Elsharnouby, M., and M. H. El Naggar. 2018. “Field investigation of lateral monotonic and cyclic performance of reinforced helical pulldown micropiles.” Can. Geotech. J. 55 (10): 1405–1420. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0330.
El Sharnouby, M. M., and M. H. El Naggar. 2012. “Field investigation of axial monotonic and cyclic performance of reinforced helical pulldown micropiles.” Can. Geotech. J. 49 (5): 560–573. https://doi.org/10.1139/t2012-017.
Haiderali, A. E., and G. Madabhushi. 2016. “Evaluation of curve fitting techniques in deriving p–y curves for laterally loaded piles.” Geotech. Geol. Eng. 34 (5): 1453–1473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-016-0054-2.
Ilyas, T., C. F. Leung, Y. K. Chow, and S. S. Budi. 2004. “Centrifuge model study of laterally loaded pile groups in clay.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 130 (3): 274–283. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:3(274).
Ishihara, K., T. Kagawa, N. Ogawa, C. Minowa, and K. Sakai. 1996. “Design of largescale liquefaction experiment facility.” In Proc., 31st Japanese National Conf. on Geotechnical Engineering, 1189–1190. Tokyo: Japanese Geotechnical Society.
King, G. J. W. 1994. “The interpretation of data from tests on laterally loaded piles.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on CENTRIFUGE’94 on Physical Modelling in Centrifuge, 515–520. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema.
Klinkvort, R. T. 2012. Centrifuge modelling of drained lateral pile–soil response: Application for offshore wind turbine support structures. Lyngby, Denmark: Technical Univ. of Denmark.
Lau, B. H. 2015. Cyclic behaviour of monopile foundations for offshore wind turbines in clay. Cambridge, UK: Univ. of Cambridge.
O’Neill, M. W., and J. M. Murchison. 1983. An evaluation of relationships in sands. Houston: Univ. of Texas.
Prasad, Y. V. S. N., and S. N. Rao. 1994. “Pullout behaviour of model pile and helical pile anchors subjected to lateral cyclic loading.” Can. Geotech. J. 31 (1): 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1139/t94-012.
Rao, S. N., Y. V. S. N. Prasad, and C. Veeresh. 1993. “Behaviour of embedded model screw anchors in soft clays.” Geotechnique 43 (4): 605–614. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1993.43.4.605.
Seed, H. B., and I. M. Idriss. 1970. Soil moduli and damping factors for dynamic responseanalyses. Berkeley, CA: Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California.
Ting, J. M. 1987. “Full-scale cyclic dynamic lateral pile responses.” J. Geotech. Eng. 113 (1): 30–45. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1987)113:1(30).
Yang, E. K., J. I. Choi, S. Y. Kwon, and M. M. Kim. 2011. “Development of dynamic p-y backbone curves for a single pile in dense sand by 1g shaking table tests.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 15 (5): 813–821. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-011-1113-0.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 28, 2017
Accepted: May 16, 2019
Published online: Jul 29, 2019
Published in print: Oct 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Dec 29, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.