Large-Scale Modeling of Preshaking Effect on Liquefaction Resistance, Shear Wave Velocity, and CPT Tip Resistance of Clean Sand
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 10
Abstract
The effect of preshaking and repeated liquefaction on liquefaction resistance was studied in a large-scale shaking table experiment, in which a sequence of 51 shakings was applied to the base of a 5-m uniform deposit of saturated clean Ottawa sand. Three event types were used in a very intense repeated pattern: mild preshaking Events A, stronger preshaking Events B, and extensive liquefaction Events C, with each Event C typically liquefying most or all of the deposit. Relative density, cone penetration test (CPT) tip resistance, and liquefaction resistance to Events A and B were found to increase significantly throughout the 51-shaking sequence, with the shear wave velocity () increasing slightly. However, the CPT tip resistance and liquefaction resistance decreased temporarily after each Event C, recovering rapidly with additional preshaking—presumably due to a decrease and subsequent increase in the soil lateral stresses. The results for the different shakings were compared with available CPT- and -based field liquefaction charts, with and without accounting for the fact that the soil deposit was much younger than the case histories covered by the charts (age factor). The liquefaction response for Events A, B, and C was reasonably well predicted by the CPT chart when the age factor was considered, including Events A immediately after liquefaction by an Event C. The implications of the research were discussed for the geologic age, preshaking and liquefaction effects observed in the field, including reliquefaction response of the same site by milder aftershocks after the main earthquake shock.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank the NSF-supported UB-NEES facility and its technical staff, especially Mark Pitman, Robert Staniszewski, and Chris Budden for their help in conducting the large-scale experiment. They also thank the RPI geotechnical centrifuge technical staff for their help in the project and the preparation of this paper. Prof. Mourad Zeghal helped with the system identification of records from the large-scale experiment, which is most appreciated. The research was supported by the National Science Foundation under NES-SG Grant No. 0529995; this support is gratefully acknowledged.
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Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 10 • October 2019
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©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Apr 28, 2018
Accepted: Feb 5, 2019
Published online: Jul 19, 2019
Published in print: Oct 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Dec 19, 2019
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