Method to Evaluate the Long-Term Surface Movements by Tunneling in London Clay
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 3
Abstract
Long-term ground movements occur after tunnel construction in clayey soils due to dissipation of excess pore pressure generated during construction and a new seepage state that depends on the drainage conditions of the tunnel. A methodology was proposed in the past to evaluate the long-term surface settlements for tunnels in London clay. This paper extends the previous work by proposing a new method to estimate both consolidation-induced vertical and horizontal displacements, as well as consolidation-induced peak horizontal strains. In this method, a new relative soil-lining permeability index, which was modified from the earlier work, is proposed by assuming a radial seepage flow into a tunnel. Using this index along with tunnel geometry and soil properties, a series of equations was derived to better facilitate the calculation of the long-term ground displacements and strains compared to the normalized charts adopted in the previous evaluation method. The applicability of the proposed method is tested against two case histories in London.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, U.K., the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2011CB013803), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51508403) and the Cambridge Trust scholarship.
References
Bowers, K. H., Hiller, D. M., and New, B. M. (1996). “Ground movement over three years at the Heathrow Express Trial Tunnel.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 557–562.
Burland, J. B. (1995). “Assessment of risk of damage to buildings due to tunnelling and excavation.” Proc., 1st Int. Conf. Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1189–1201.
Farrell, R., Mair, R., Sciotti, A., and Pigorini, A. (2014). “Building response to tunnelling.” Soils Found., 54(3), 269–279.
Glossop, N. H., and O’Reilly, M. P. (1982). “Settlement caused by tunnelling through soft marine silty clay.” Tunnels Tunnelling, 14(9), 13–16.
Harris, D. I. (2002). “Long term settlement following tunnelling in over consolidated London clay.” Proc., 3rd Int. Symp. on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Specifique, Lyon, France, 393–398.
Lake, L. M., Rankin, W. J., and Hawley, J. (1992). Prediction and effects of ground movements caused by tunnelling in soft ground beneath urban areas, Construction Industry Research and Information Association, London.
Laver, R. G. (2010). “Long-term behaviour of twin-tunnels in London clay.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
Mair, R. (2003). “Research on tunnelling-induced ground movements and their effects on building—Lessons from the Jubilee Line Extension.” Response of Building to Excavation Induced Ground Movements, Proc., Int. Conf. Held at Imperial College, CIRIA, London, 3–26.
Mair, R. J., and Taylor, R. N. (1997). “Bored tunnelling in the urban environment.” Proc., 14th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 2353–2385.
Nyren, R. J. (1998). “Field measurements above twin tunnels in clay.” Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London.
O’Reilly, M. P., Mair, R. J., and Alderman, G. H. (1991). “Long-term settlements over tunnels: An eleven-year study at Grimsby.” Tunnelling ‘91, Elsevier Applied Science, 55–64.
Peck, R. B. (1969). “Deep excavations and tunnelling in soft ground.” Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Sociedad Mexicana de Mecanica, Mexico, 345–352.
Shirlaw, J. N. (1995). “Observed and calculated pore pressures and deformation induced by earth pressure balance shield.” Can. Geotech. J., 32(1), 181–189.
Vorster, T. E. B., Klar, A., Soga, K., and Mair, R. J. (2005). “Estimating the effect of tunnelling on existing pipelines.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 1399–1410.
Wongsaroj, J. (2005). “Three-dimensional finite element analysis of short and long-term ground response to open-face tunnelling in stiff clay.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
Wongsaroj, J., Soga, K., and Mair, R. J. (2013). “Tunnelling-induced consolidation settlements in London clay.” Geotechnique, 63(13), 1103–1115.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 143 • Issue 3 • March 2017
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 23, 2015
Accepted: Jul 14, 2016
Published online: Aug 31, 2016
Discussion open until: Jan 31, 2017
Published in print: Mar 1, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.