Development of New Three-Dimensional Coal Mass Strength Criterion
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 17, Issue 3
Abstract
In this study, laboratory tests were conducted to obtain the geomechanical properties for the coal matrix and coal discontinuities. Computed tomography (CT) scanning technology was then used to detect the pre-existing fracture networks of the cubic coal blocks. Fracture tensor–based methodology was used to quantify the fracture geometry network that exists inside the cubic coal blocks. The same cubic coal blocks were subjected to the true triaxial tests to obtain the jointed coal mass strength (JCMS) values under different confining stresses. The fracture network constructed from the CT scanning was incorporated into the numerical model of jointed coal block to simulate the laboratory true triaxial tests, and to first calibrate the parameter values of the numerical model and then validate them. More numerical true triaxial tests were performed on some jointed coal blocks with selected fracture networks and five additional artificial fracture networks under different confining stress combinations to consummate the JCMS data bank. The obtained data bank was finally used to develop a new three dimensional (3D) coal mass strength criterion that can capture the scale effect and anisotropic strength behaviors.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Contract No. 200-2011-39886) and the SKLGDUE, CUMT (Contract No. SKLGDUEK1416).
References
Bieniawski, Z. T. (1968). “The effect of specimen size on compressive strength of coal.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 5(4), 325–335.
Bieniawski, Z. T., and Van Heerden, W. L. (1975). “The significance of in situ tests on large rock specimens.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 12(4), 101–113.
Brown, E. T. (1970). “Strength of models of rock with intermittent joints.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 96(6), 1935–1949.
Chang, J. F., Chu, X. H., and Xu, Y. J. (2014). “Finite-element analysis of failure in transversely isotropic geomaterials.” Int. J. Geomech., 04014096.
Chen, X., Liao, Z. H., and Li, D. J. (2011). “Experimental study on the effect of joint orientation and persistence on the strength and deformation properties of rock masses under uniaxial compression.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 30(4), 781–789.
Chen, X., Liao, Z. H., and Peng, X. (2012). “Deformability characteristics of jointed rock masses under uniaxial compression.” Int. J. Min. Sci. Tech., 22(2), 213–221.
3DEC [Computer software]. Itasca Consulting Group Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
Desai, C. S. (2001). Mechanics of materials and interfaces: the disturbed state concept, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Desai, C. S., and Ma, Y. Z. (1992). “Modelling of joints and interfaces using the disturbed‐state concept.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 16(9), 623–653.
Dips 6.0 [Computer software]. Rocscience, Toronto.
Edelbro, C. (2003). “Rock mass strength—A review.” 〈http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1536/2003/16/LTU-TR-0316-SE.pdf〉 (May 16, 2015).
Edelbro, C., Sjöberg, J., and Nordlund, E. (2006). “A quantitative comparison of strength criteria for hard rock masses.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 22(1), 57–68.
Einstein, H. H., and Hirschfeld, R. C. (1973). “Model studies on mechanics of jointed rock.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 99(3), 229–248.
Heuze, F. E. (1980). “Scale effects in the determination of rock mass strength and deformability.” Rock Mech., 12(3), 167–192.
Hoek, E., and Brown, E. T. (1980). “Empirical strength criterion for rock masses.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div., 106(GT9), 1013–1035.
Hoek, E., and Brown, E. T. (1997). “Practical estimates of rock mass strength.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 34(8), 1165–1186.
Hoek, E., Carranza-Torres, C., and Corkum, B. (2002). “Hoek-Brown failure criterion—2002 edition.” Proc., 5th North American Rock Mechanics Symp. and 17th Tunneling Association of Canada Conf., Vol. 1, Univ. of Toronto Press, Toronto, 267–273.
Hoek, E., Kaiser, P. K., and Bawden, W. F. (1995). Support of underground excavations in hard rock, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Hoek, E., Wood, D., and Shah, S. (1992). “A modified Hoek–Brown criterion for jointed rock masses.” Proc., Eurock 1992: Rock characterization: ISRM Symp., J. A. Hudson, ed., Thomas Telford, London, 209–213.
Itasca. (2003). PFC3D user’s manual, version 4.0, Itasca Consulting Group Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Itasca. (2008). 3DEC user’s guide, Itasca Consulting Group Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
Ivars, D. M., et al. (2011). “The synthetic rock mass approach for jointed rock mass modelling.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 48(2), 219–244.
Jahns, H. (1966). “Measuring the strength of rock in situ at an increasing scale.” Proc., 1st ISRM Congress, Vol. 1, International Society for Rock Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal, 477–482.
Kulatilake, P. H. S. W. (2016). “Physical, empirical and numerical modeling of jointed rock mass strength.” Invited book chapter, Rock mechanics and engineering, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Kulatilake, P. H. S. W., Liang, J., and Gao, H. (2001a). “Experimental and numerical simulations of jointed rock block strength under uniaxial loading.” J. Eng. Mech., 127(12), 1240–1247.
Kulatilake, P. H. S. W., Malama, B., and Wang, J. (2001b). “Physical and particle flow modeling of jointed rock block behavior under uniaxial loading.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 38(5), 641–657.
Kulatilake, P. H. S. W., Park, J., and Malama, B. (2006). “A new rock mass failure criterion for biaxial loading conditions.” Geotech. Geol. Eng., 24(4), 871–888.
Kulatilake, P. H. S. W., Shreedharan, S., Sherizadeh, T., Shu, B., Xing, Y., and He, P. F. (2016). “Laboratory estimation of rock joint stiffness and frictional parameters.” Geotech. Geol. Eng., in press.
Kulatilake, P. H. S. W., Ucpirti, H., Wang, S., Radberg, G., and Stephansson, O. (1992). “Use of the distinct element method to perform stress analysis in rock with non-persistent joints and to study the effect of joint geometry parameters on the strength and deformability of rock masses.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 25(4), 253–274.
Kulatilake, P. H. S. W., Wang, S., and Stephansson, O. (1993). “Effect of finite size joints on the deformability of jointed rock in three dimensions.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 30(5), 479–501.
Liu, M. D., and Indraratna, B. N. (2011). “General strength criterion for geomaterials including anisotropic effect.” Int. J. Geomech., 251–262.
MATLAB R2013b [Computer software]. MathWorks, Natick, MA.
Melkoumian, N., Priest, S. D., and Hunt, S. P. (2009). “Further development of the three-dimensional Hoek–Brown yield criterion.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 42(6), 835–847.
Oda, M. (1982). “Fabric tensor for discontinuous geological materials.” Soils Found., 22(4), 96–108.
Pan, X., and Hudson, J. A. (1988). “A simplified three dimensional Hoek–Brown yield criterion.” Rock mechanics and power plants, M. Romana, ed., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 95–103.
PFC2D [Computer software]. Itasca Consulting Group Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
PFC3D [Computer software]. Itasca Consulting Group Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
Pratt, H. R., Black, A. D., Brown, W. S., and Brace, W. F. (1972). “The effect of specimen size on the mechanical properties of unjointed diorite.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 9(4), 513–529.
Priest, S. D. (2005). “Determination of shear strength and three-dimensional yield strength for the Hoek–Brown yield criterion.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 38(4), 299–327.
Prudencio, M., and Van Sint Jan, M. (2007). “Strength and failure modes of rock mass models with non-persistent joints.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 44(6), 890–902.
Ramamurthy, T. (2001). “Shear strength response of some geological materials in triaxial compression.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 38(5), 683–697.
Sheorey, P. R., Biswas, A. K., and Choubey, V. D. (1989). “An empirical failure criterion for rocks and jointed rock masses.” Eng. Geol., 26(2), 141–159.
UDEC [Computer software]. Itasca Consulting Group Inc., Minneapolis, MN.
Wu, Q., and Kulatilake, P. H. S. W. (2012). “REV and its properties on fracture system and mechanical properties, and an orthotropic constitutive model for a jointed rock mass in a dam site in China.” Comput. Geotech., 43, 124–142.
Yang, Z. Y., Chen, J. M., and Huang, T. H. (1998). “Effect of joint sets on the strength and deformation of rock mass models.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 35(1), 75–84.
Yudhbir, Y., Lemanza, W., and Prinzl, F. (1983). “An empirical failure criterion for rock masses.” Proc., 5th Int. Congress on Rock Mechanics, Vol. 1, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, B1–B8.
Zhang, L., and Zhu, H. (2007). “Three-dimensional Hoek-Brown strength criterion for rocks.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 1128–1135.
Zhang, L. (2008). “A generalized three-dimensional Hoek–Brown strength criterion.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 41(6), 893–915.
Zhang, Q., Zhu, H., and Zhang, L. (2013). “Modification of a generalized three-dimensional Hoek–Brown strength criterion.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 59, 80–96.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 26, 2015
Accepted: May 27, 2016
Published online: Aug 10, 2016
Discussion open until: Jan 10, 2017
Published in print: Mar 1, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.