Influence of Emulsified Palm Biodiesel as Pilot Fuel in a Biogas Run Dual Fuel Diesel Engine
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 3
Abstract
This study attempts to explore the influence of emulsified palm biodiesel as a pilot fuel in a biogas run dual fuel engine. The intention is to achieve diesel-equivalent performance from a diesel engine, together with a reduction in engine emissions, with complete replacement of fossil diesel with renewable fuels. The results of this study are compared to those for a neat biodiesel (Jatropha)-biogas dual fuel engine run at identical engine settings. For baseline comparison, the results are also compared with a standard diesel run. The results show that with the presence of biogas, emulsified biodiesel as a pilot fuel can present a better dual fuel efficiency (41%) and a lower energy consumption (38%) than neat biodiesel in a piloted study. Also, the presence of a microexplosion of emulsified biodiesel was found to reduce the pilot fuel consumption with the presence of biogas, especially at lower loads, where the burning rate of biogas usually slows down due to the lean gas-air mixture and cooler charge temperature. In addition, emulsified palm biodiesel successfully brings the peak cylinder pressure (PCP) closer (8°ATDC) to top dead center (TDC). This elevates the magnitude of the PCP, which increases the expansion ratio and hence improves engine efficiency. With the presence of emulsified biodiesel, the supply of biogas is found to get reduced, especially at higher loads, which in turn reduces the hydrocarbon emission. However, other emission characteristics are not as exciting, and hence emulsified biodiesel in biogas dual fuel mode needs to be further explored at various engine-operating characteristics in order to obtain a superior emission performance.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abu-Zaid, M. (2004). “Performance of single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine using water fuel emulsions.” Energy Convers. Manage., 45(5), 697–705.
Aziz, A. A., Said, M. F., and Awang, M. A. (2005). “Performance of palm oil-based biodiesel fuels in a single cylinder direct injection engine.” Palm Oil Dev., 42, 15–27.
Basha, S. J., and Anand, R. B. (2011). “An experimental study in a CI engine using nanoadditive blended water–diesel emulsion fuel.” Int. J. Green Energy, 8(3), 332–348.
Bora, B. J., Debnath, B. K., Gupta, N., Sahoo, N., and Saha, U. K. (2013). “Investigation on the flow behaviour of a venturi type gas mixer designed for dual fuel diesel engines.” Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng., 3(3), 202–209.
Crookes, R. J., Nazha, M. A. A., and Kiannejad, F. (1992). “Single and multi-cylinder diesel-engine tests with vegetable oil emulsions.”, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).
Debnath, B. K., Saha, U. K., and Sahoo, N. (2012). “Effect of hydrogen-diesel quantity variation on brake thermal efficiency of a dual fuelled diesel engine.” J. Power Technol., 92(1), 55–67.
Debnath, B. K., Saha, U. K., and Sahoo, N. (2013a). “A theoretical route towards the estimation of second law potential of an emulsified palm biodiesel run diesel engine.” J. Energy Eng., in press.
Debnath, B. K., Sahoo, N., and Saha, U. K. (2013b). “Adjusting the operating characteristics to improve the performance of an emulsified palm oil methyl ester run diesel engine.” Energy Convers. Manage., 69, 191–198.
Debnath, B. K., Saha, U. K., and Sahoo, N. (2013c). “Effect of compression ratio and injection timing on the performance characteristics of a diesel engine running on palm oil methyl ester.” Proc. IME J. Power Energy, 227(3), 368–382.
Dual Fuel (Natural Gas/Diesel) Engines: Operation, Applications, and Contribution. (2001). “Group of Experts on Pollution & Energy (GRPE).” Informal document No. 18, The European Natural Gas Vehicle Association.
Ehsan, M., and Bhuiyan, S. (2010). “Dual fuel performance of a small diesel engine for applications with less frequent load variations.” Int. J. Mech. Mechatron. Eng., 9(10), 30–39.
Giakoumis, E. G., Rakopoulos, C. D., and Rakopoulos, D. C. (2013). “An assessment of emissions during transient diesel engine operation with biodiesel blends.” J. Energy Eng., in press.
Haşimoğlu, C., Ciniviz, M., Parlak, A., Özsert, İ., and İçingür, Y. (2011). “Part load performance characteristics of a low-heat rejection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel.” J. Energy Eng., 70–75.
Henham, A., and Makkar, M. K. (1998). “Combustion of simulated biogas in a dual-fuel diesel engine.” Energy Convers. Manage., 39(16–18), 2001–2009.
Heywood, J. B. (1988). Internal combustion engine fundamentals, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Inventions, and Innovations—A Dual Fuel Conversion System for Diesel Engines. (2001). “Project Fact Sheet published by the Office of the Industrial Technologies.”, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Washington, DC.
Jiang, C.-q., Liu, T.-w., and Zhong, J. (1989). “A study on compressed biogas and its application to the compression ignition dual-fuel engine.” Biomass, 20(1–2), 53–59.
Karthikeyan, R., and Mahalakshmi, N. V. (2007). “Performance and emission characteristics of turpentine–diesel dual fuel engine and knock suppression using water diluents.” Int. J. Energy Res., 31(10), 960–974.
Kline, S. J., and McClintock, F. A. (1953). “Describing uncertainties in single-sample experiments.” Mech. Eng., 75, 3–8.
Korakianitis, T., Namasivayam, A. M., and Crookes, R. J. (2010). “Hydrogen dual-fuelling of compression ignition engines with emulsified biodiesel as pilot fuel.” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 35(24), 13329–13344.
Kumar, M. S., Ramesh, A., and Nagalingam, B. (2003). “Use of hydrogen to enhance the performance of a vegetable oil fuelled compression ignition engine.” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 28(10), 1143–1154.
Lin, C.-Y., and Lin, S.-A. (2007a). “Effects of emulsification variables on fuel properties of two and three-phase biodiesel emulsions.” Fuel, 86(1–2), 210–217.
Lin, C.-Y., and Lin, S.-A. (2007b). “Engine performance and emission characteristics of a three-phase emulsion of biodiesel produced by peroxidation.” Fuel, 88(1), 35–41.
Nadeem, M., Rangkuti, C., Anuar, K., Haq, M. R. U., Tan, I. B., and Shah, S. S. (2006). “Diesel engine performance and emission evaluation using emulsified fuels stabilized by conventional and Gemini surfactants.” Fuel, 85(14–15), 2111–2119.
Namasivayam, A. M., Korakianitis, T., Crookes, R. J., Bob-Manuel, K. D. H., and Olsen, J. (2010). “Biodiesel, emulsified biodiesel and dimethyl ether as pilot fuels for natural gas fuelled engines.” Appl. Energy, 87(3), 769–778.
Pirouzpanah, V., and Mohammadi, A. B. (1996). “Dual-fuelling of an industrial indirect injection diesel engine by diesel and liquid petroleum gas.” Int. J. Energy Res., 20(10), 903–912.
Pundir, B. P. (2010). I C engines combustion and emissions, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
Rakopoulos, C. D., Rakopoulos, D. C., Giakoumis, E. G., and Dimaratos, A. M. (2010). “Investigation of the combustion of neat cottonseed oil or its neat bio-diesel in a HSDI diesel engine by experimental heat release and statistical analyses.” Fuel, 89(12), 3814–3826.
Rakopoulos, D. C., Rakopoulos, C. D., Giakoumis, E. G., and Dimaratos, A. M. (2013a). “Studying combustion and cyclic irregularity of diethyl ether as supplement fuel in diesel engine.” Fuel, 109, 325–335.
Rakopoulos, D. C., Rakopoulos, C. D., Giakoumis, E. G., Dimaratos, A. M., and Kakaras, E. C. (2013b). “Comparative evaluation of two straight vegetable oils and their methyl ester bio-diesels as fuel extenders in HDDI diesel engine: performance and emissions.” J. Energy Eng., in press.
Sahoo, B. B. (2010). “Clean development mechanism potential of compression ignition diesel engines using gaseous fuels in dual fuel mode.” Ph.D. thesis, Centre for Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.
Sahoo, B. B., Sahoo, N., and Saha, U. K. (2011a). “Dual fuel performance studies of a small diesel engine using green fuels.” Appl. Mech. Mater., 668(110–116), 2101–2108.
Sahoo, B. B., Saha, U. K., and Sahoo, N. (2011b). “Effect of load level on the performance of a dual fuel compression ignition engine operating on syngas fuels with varying content.” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 133(12), 122802.
Stone, R. (1997). “Experimental facilities.” Introduction to internal combustion engines, 2nd Ed., SAE, Warrendale, PA, 504–516.
Subramanian, K. A. (2011). “A comparison of water–diesel emulsion and timed injection of water into the intake manifold of a diesel engine for simultaneous control of NO and smoke emissions.” Energy Convers. Manage., 52(2), 849–857.
Swami Nathan, S., Mallikarjuna, J. M., and Ramesh, A. (2010). “An experimental study of the biogas–diesel HCCI mode of engine operation.” Energy Convers. Manage., 51(7), 1347–1353.
Testo India. (2012). “Flue gas analysis in industry: Practical guide for emission and process measurements.” 〈http://www.testo-international.com/online/embedded/Sites/INT/MainNavigation/SectorsAndProducts/emission/Unterthema_Fibel.pdf〉 (Sep. 19, 2012).
Von-Mitzlaff, K. (1988). Engines for biogas—Theory, modification, economic operation, FriedrickVieweg & Son, Weisbaden, Germany.
Zhu, L., Zhang, W. G., and Huang, Z. (2011). “Influence of biodiesel-methanol blends on the emissions in the low-temperature combustion of a direct-injection diesel engine using high levels of exhaust gas recirculation.” Proc. IME D J Automobile Eng., 225(8), 1044–1054.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 3 • September 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 25, 2013
Accepted: Sep 6, 2013
Published online: Sep 9, 2013
Discussion open until: Jun 24, 2014
Published in print: Sep 1, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.