Technical Papers
Mar 6, 2015

Student Demographics and Outcomes in Civil Engineering in the United States

Publication: Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice
Volume 141, Issue 4

Abstract

Using a data set from universities in the United States that includes over 17,000 civil engineering (CE) students, this work describes the demographics and outcomes for students starting in, switching into, and transferring into CE to inform the decision making of faculty, department heads, and deans. Pathways in CE vary by race but not gender. Although women generally outpersist men in CE, the difference is small. While Asian and Hispanic men choose CE at lower rates than others, the Asian and Hispanic men who do major in CE have higher graduation rates than expected. Black students of both genders are underrepresented in choosing CE and in completing the degree. Among Asian, Hispanic, and White students, those who start in CE and leave are replaced by those who transfer or switch in, but Black students entering CE later do not make up for the large losses of Blacks who start in CE. The work suggests a range of qualitative questions to better understand CE students.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Russell Long, Director of Project Assessment in the Purdue School of Engineering Education. This work has been sponsored in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant 1129383.

References

ASCE. (2014). “Diversity programs.” 〈http://www.asce.org/Diversity/Diversity-Programs/ASCE-Diversity-Programs〉 (Aug. 11, 2014).
Astin, A. W., and Astin, H. S. (1992). “Undergraduate science education: The impact of different college environments on the educational pipeline in the sciences.”, Univ. of California Higher Education Research Institute, Educational Resources Information Clearinghouse (ERIC), Los Angeles.
Brawner, C. E., Camacho, M. M., Lord, S. M., Long, R. A., and Ohland, M. W. (2012). “Why Women choose industrial engineering.” J. Eng. Educ., 101(2), 288–318.
Camacho, M. M., and Lord, S. M. (2013). The borderlands of education: Latinas in engineering, Lexington Books, Lanham, MD.
Collins, P. H. (1990). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness and the politics of empowerment, Routledge, New York.
Cosentino de Cohen, C., and Deterding, N. (2009). “Widening the net: National estimates of gender disparities in engineering.” J. Eng. Educ., 98(3), 211–226.
Culotta, E., and Gibbons, A. (1992). “Minorities in science: Two generations of struggle [special report].” Sci., 258, 1176–1232.
Delgado, R., and Stefancic, J. (2001). Critical race theory: An introduction, NYU Press, New York.
Godfrey, E. (2007). “Cultures within cultures: Welcoming or unwelcoming for women?” Proc., American Society for Engineering Education, American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC.
Gurin, P. (1999). “The compelling need for diversity in education.” Expert Rep. Prepared for the Lawsuits Gratz and Hamacher versus Bollinger, Duderstadt, Univ. of Michigan, and Univ. of Michigan College of LS&A, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan, Civil Action No. 97–75231; and Grutter Versus Bollinger, Lehman, Shields, Univ. of Michigan and Univ. of Michigan Law School, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Michigan, Civil Action No. 97-75928, 〈http://www.umich.edu/∼urel/admissions/legal/expert/gurintoc.html〉 (Aug. 11, 2014).
Hartman, H., and Hartman, M. (2006). “Leaving engineering: Lessons from Rowan University’s college of engineering.” J. Eng. Educ., 95(1), 49–61.
Hilton, T. L., Hsia, J., Solorzano, D. G., and Benston, N. L. (1989). Persistence in science of high ability minority students, Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ.
Hoh, Y. K. (2008). “Presenting female role models in civil engineering: An outreach activity to help teachers overcome their misperceptions of engineers.” Int. J. Eng. Educ., 24(4), 817–824.
Humphreys, S., and Freeland, R. (1992). Retention in engineering: A study of freshman cohorts, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Johnson, P. (2007). “Enrollment of women in undergraduate civil engineering programs.” American Society for Engineering Education Midatlantic Section Conf., American Society for Engineering Education, 〈http://www.asee.org/documents/sections/middle-atlantic/spring-2007/Enrollment-of-Women-In-Undergraduate-Civil-Engineering-Programs.pdf〉 (Jun. 23, 2014).
Johnson, P. (2013). “State of women in civil engineering in the United States and the role of ASCE.” J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract., 275–280.
Leonard, K. M., and Nicholls, G. M. (2013). “History and status of female faculty in civil engineering.” J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract., 218–225.
Linden, K. W., Jagacinski, C. M., LeBold, W. K., and Shell, K. D. (1985). “Predicting persistence in engineering for undergraduate women.” 3rd Int. Girls in Science and Technology Conf., Centre for Science and Mathematics Education, Univ. of London, London.
Litzler, E. (2010). Sex segregation in undergraduate engineering majors, ProQuest LLC, Ann Arbor, MI.
Long, R. A., and Ohland, M. W. (2014). “The multiple-institution database for investigating engineering longitudinal development.” MIDFIELD, 〈https://engineering.purdue.edu/MIDFIELD〉 (Aug. 11, 2014).
Lord, S. M., Camacho, M. M., Layton, R. A., Long, R. A., Ohland, M. W., and Wasburn, M. H. (2009). “Who’s persisting in engineering? A comparative analysis of female and male Asian, Black, Hispanic, Native American and White students.” J. Women Minorities Sci. Eng., 15(2), 167–190.
Lord, S. M., Layton, R. A., and Ohland, M. W. (2011). “Trajectories of electrical engineering and computer engineering students by race and gender.” IEEE Trans. Educ., 54(4), 610–618.
Lord, S. M., Layton, R. A., and Ohland, M. W. (2014a). “Multi-institution study of student demographics and outcomes in electrical and computer engineering in the U.S.A.” IEEE Trans. Educ., in press.
Lord, S. M., Layton, R. A., Ohland, M. W., Brawner, C. E., and Long, R. A. (2014b). “A multi-institution study of student demographics and outcomes in chemical engineering.” Chem. Eng. Educ., 48(4), 223–230.
Lord, S. M., Ohland, M. W., Layton, R. A., and Orr, M. K. (2013). “Student demographics and outcomes in electrical and mechanical engineering.” Proc., IEEE/American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Frontiers in Education Conf., IEEE/American Society for Engineering Education, Oklahoma City.
Min, Y., Zhang, G., Long, R. A., Anderson, T. J., and Ohland, M. W. (2011). “Nonparametric survival analysis of the loss rate of undergraduate engineering students.” J. Eng. Educ., 100(2), 349–373.
National Academies Press. (2011). Expanding underrepresented minority participation: America’s science and technology talent at the crossroads, Washington, DC.
National Academy of Engineering. (2008). “Changing the conversation: Messages for improving public understanding of engineering.” 〈http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12187〉 (Aug. 11, 2014).
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. (2007). Rising above the gathering storm: Energizing and employing America for a brighter economic future, Washington, DC.
Oakes, J. (1990). “Opportunities, achievement, and choice: Women and minority students in science and mathematics.” Rev. Res. Higher Educ., 16(1), 153–222.
O’Brien, J. J., Jr., Wei, C. P., and Coward, D. K. (2011). “What does the civil engineering world look like? Let’s show it by the numbers.” American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conf., American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC.
Ohland, M. W., Brawner, C. E., Camacho, M. M., Long, R. A., Lord, S. M., and Wasburn, M. H. (2011). “Race, gender, and measures of success in engineering education.” J. Eng. Educ., 100(2), 225–252.
Ohland, M. W., Orr, M. K., Layton, R. A., Lord, S. M., and Long, R. A. (2012). “Introducing ‘stickiness’ as a versatile metric of engineering persistence.” Proc., IEEE/American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Frontiers in Education Conf., IEEE/American Society for Engineering Education, Seattle.
Orr, M. K., Lord, S. M., Layton, R. A., and Ohland, M. W. (2014a). “Student demographics and outcomes in mechanical and aerospace engineering including their exchange of students.” Proc., 2014 American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conf., American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC.
Orr, M. K., Lord, S. M., Layton, R. A., and Ohland, M. W. (2014b). “Student demographics and outcomes in mechanical engineering in the U.S.” Int. J. Mech. Eng. Educ., 42(1), 48–60.
Orr, M. K., Ngambeki, I., Long, R. A., and Ohland, M. W. (2011). “Performance trajectory of students in the engineering disciplines.” Proc., IEEE/American Society for Engineering Education ASEE Frontiers in Education Conf., IEEE/American Society for Engineering Education, Rapid City, SD.
Page, S. E. (2007). The difference: How the power of diversity creates better groups firms, schools, and societies, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Seymour, E., and Hewitt, N. M. (1997). Talking about leaving: Why undergraduates leave the sciences, Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
Sheppard, S., et al. (2010). “Exploring the engineering student experience: Findings from the academic pathways of people learning engineering survey (APPLES).”, Center for the Advancement of Engineering Education, Seattle.
Simpson, J. C. (2001). “Segregated by subject: Racial differences in the factors influencing academic major between European Americans, Asian Americans, and African, Hispanic, and Native Americans.” J. Higher Educ., 72(1), 63–100.
Stine, M. L. (2010). “The power of numbers: Grades and female density in influencing the persistence of women in engineering majors.” Ph.D. dissertation, Higher Education, Pennsylvania State Univ., State College, PA.
Strenta, A. C., Elliott, R., Adair, R., Matier, M., and Scott, J. (1994). “Choosing and leaving science in highly selective institutions.” Res. Higher Educ., 35(5), 513–547.
U.S. Department of Education. (2007). “The integrated postsecondary education data system (IPEDS) glossary.” 〈http://www.nces.ed.gov/ipeds/glossary〉 (Aug. 11, 2014).
Xie, Y., and Shauman, K. A. (2003). Women in science: Career processes and outcomes, Vol. 26, No. 73.4, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Yoder, B. L. (2014). “ASEE datamining application.” 〈http://www.asee.org/datamining〉 (Aug. 11, 2014).

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice
Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice
Volume 141Issue 4October 2015

History

Received: Aug 12, 2014
Accepted: Jan 12, 2015
Published online: Mar 6, 2015
Discussion open until: Aug 6, 2015
Published in print: Oct 1, 2015

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Matthew W. Ohland, A.M.ASCE [email protected]
Dept. of Engineering Education, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907; and School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland Univ., Rockhampton, QLD 4702, Australia (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]
Susan M. Lord
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110.
Richard A. Layton
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN 47803.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share