Biomonitoring and Phytoremediation of Cr (VI) Contaminated Water: Study on Bioaccumulation and Morphological Responses in Eichhornia crassipes
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 12
Abstract
This study examined the potential of the aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes for bioaccumulating hexavalent chromium and its effects on the plant’s morphology. The macrophytes were exposed to different concentrations of Cr (VI) () in 20% full-strength Hoagland nutrient solution for 10 days. Changes in the Cr (VI) concentrations were measured in the media and in specific plant tissues, i.e., roots, shoots, and leaves. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) in all plant parts and the translocation factor (TF) within plant tissues were calculated twice during the experiment. Results demonstrated that E. crassipes accumulated high concentrations of Cr (VI) in all plant tissues examined in a dose-specific manner. High BCF was observed in the plant roots for concentrations up to , after which the accumulation in shoots and leaves was greater than in roots. The results from E. crassipes survivorship indicated that is the threshold concentration for their survival under Cr (VI) stress. Morphological changes in the plants were examined by monitoring the change in the number of leaves and plant height under varying Cr (VI) concentrations. Impeded growth was observed due to increasing Cr (VI) concentration with maximum growth in the control group with no Cr (VI). Evapotranspiration losses were monitored and found to be minimal in experimental groups with high concentrations, displaying a negative correlation with Cr (VI) contamination. Physicochemical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, and color were also found to be significantly correlated with Cr (VI) concentration and time. The results demonstrated significant Cr (VI) accumulation in E. crassipes as well as noticeable morphological changes, making E. crassipes a suitable organism for biomonitoring and remediating Cr-contaminated sites over a relatively short time period.
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Data Availability Statement
All data generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, India and British Council, UK for joint support and funding of the work through a UK-India Education and Research Initiative (UKIERI) project titled “In-situ bioremediation of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) pollution within the Baddi-Barotiwala-Nalagarh (BBN) Industrial Area in Himachal Pradesh (India).” The first author is also thankful to the University Grants Commission (UGC) of India for providing support through a research fellowship for her Ph.D. work and the research facilities provided by the Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee.
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Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 12 • December 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 2, 2022
Accepted: Jul 19, 2022
Published online: Sep 26, 2022
Published in print: Dec 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Feb 26, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Aquatic habitats
- Business management
- Chemical compounds
- Chemical elements
- Chemicals
- Chemistry
- Chromium
- Correlation
- Ecosystems
- Engineering fundamentals
- Environmental engineering
- Evaporation
- Evapotranspiration
- Hydrologic engineering
- Mathematics
- Mitigation and remediation
- Pollution
- Practice and Profession
- Statistics
- Vegetation
- Water and water resources
- Water pollution
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