Sequestration and Transformation in Chemically Enhanced Treatment Wetlands: DOC, DBPPs, and Nutrients
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 8
Abstract
This paper examines the effectiveness of chemically enhanced treatment wetlands (CETWs), wetlands that received water treated with coagulants, to remove dissolved organic carbon (DOC), disinfection byproduct precursors (DBPPs), nutrients, and metals from agricultural drain water. Wetlands consisted of controls with no coagulant addition, ferric sulfate dosed, and polyaluminum chloride dosed treatments. CETWs were more effective in removing DOC, DBPPs, phosphate, dissolved organic nitrogen, and metals than control wetlands. Coagulation-treated wetlands removed DOC, whereas control wetlands produced . Wetland passage released DOC in the controls and dosed treatments; this release was directly correlated to temperature, suggesting thermally dependent mechanism(s) were partly responsible. A first-order plug flow reactor kinetic model that considered hydraulic retention time (HRT), temperature, and DOC concentration was tested for wetland DOC processing. Models indicate that operating CETWs at high coagulant dosing and low temperature can result in the lowest DOC release. Operating at the lowest HRT to meet discharge targets helps overcome wetland processes that increase DOC release and provide the smallest footprint needed for treatment.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful for funds provided by the California Department of Water Resources (Agreement No. 46000003886/7W4CA4000003886) and matching funds provided by the USGS Cooperative Water Program. We would like to acknowledge Timothy A. Doane for his lab support during this project; Fred Simms for providing expertise on coagulants and their characteristics and difference; Brett Offerman for helping us work through the logistics of coagulant delivery and use; DWR for providing the field site; Elizabeth Stumpner and Angela Hansen for their field and lab support; Jim Casey and Bruce Gornto for field assistance, field set up recommendations and expertise on field management; Marc Estrade, Jeff Schuyler and Eyasco for setting up the extensive electronic system in the field and helping with troubleshooting; Robert Pedlar and Genevieve Schrader for their support and expertise throughout; Reilly Hossner for her support with this manuscript. Finally, we appreciate the hard work of Dr. Roger Fujii of the USGS who supported Dr. Bachand through co-writing the proposals for this project, worked with DWR to implement this project, and supported the project team efforts throughout. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
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Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 8 • August 2019
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This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Received: Apr 20, 2018
Accepted: Nov 15, 2018
Published online: Jun 6, 2019
Published in print: Aug 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Nov 6, 2019
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